What Is Epeirogeny

Epeirogeny (EPP-ir-rod-geny) is strictly vertical movement of a continent rather than horizontal movement that compresses it to form mountains (orogeny) or stretches it to form rifts (taphrogeny). Instead, epeirogenic movements form gentle arches and structural basins, or they lift whole regions evenly. In geology school, they dont say much about epeirogeny—its an afterthought, a catch-all word for processes that arent mountain-building. Listed under it are things like isostatic movements, which result from the weight of glacial ice caps and their removal, the subsidence of passive plate margins like the Atlantic coasts of the Old and New Worlds, and various other puzzling uplifts that are typically ascribed to mantle plumes. Well ignore isostatic movements here because theyre trivial examples of loading and unloading (although they account for some dramatic wave-cut platforms). Phenomena related to passive cooling of hot lithosphere also pose no mystery. That leaves examples where we believe that some force must have actively pulled down or pushed up the continental lithosphere (note that it only refers to the continental lithosphere, as you dont see the term in marine geology). Epeirogenic Movements Epeirogenic movements, in this narrower sense, are considered evidence of activity in the underlying mantle, either mantle plumes or consequences of plate-tectonic processes like subduction. Today that topic is often called dynamic topography, and it could be argued that there is no need for the term epeirogeny anymore. Large-scale uplifts in the United States, including those of the Colorado Plateau and the modern-day Appalachian Mountains, are thought to be related to the subducted Farallon plate, which has been moving eastward relative to the overlying continent for the last 100 million years or so. Smaller features like the Illinois basin or Cincinnati arch are explained as lumps and slumps made during the breakup or formation of ancient supercontinents. How the Word Epeirogeny Was Coined The word epeirogeny was coined by G. K. Gilbert in 1890 (in U.S. Geological Survey Monograph 1, Lake Bonneville) from the scientific Greek: epeiros (mainland) and genesis (birth). However, he was thinking of what held continents above the ocean and held the seafloor below it. That was a puzzle in his day that today we explain as something Gilbert didnt know, namely that the Earth simply has two kinds of crust. Today we accept that simple buoyancy keeps the continents high and the ocean floor low, and no special epeirogenic forces are required. Bonus: Another little-used epeiro word is epeirocratic, referring to a period when global sea levels are low (like today). Its counterpart, describing times when the sea was high and land was scarce, is thalassocratic.

Can There Be a Love Without Sex - 777 Words

Can there be love without sex in a relationship? Can you have a intimate relationship without having sex? And would it be considered emotionally intimate? Can relationship lasts without a sex? Can two people who are in love share a full relationship without sex? Can there be a relationship without sex? YES!! And I think that is the most passionate love†¦ there can be love in a relationship without sex, there’s lots of things couple can do that will bring them closer and is not sexual, although sex is a natural expression of love in a relationship at some point. You need to be completely upfront with the guy you want a relationship with though. If he has a problem with it, then he doesn’t respect what you are trying to do. They are going to†¦show more content†¦In my opinion, I think it s BEST to have a relationship without sex. Because sex drives fade in our later years, so you ll need something in common or you ll never get along! Sex is for marriage. If you are being pressured into sex, then you will regret it for the rest of your life. A relationship can last without sex if it is love for real but in most cases you want to have sex with the person you love just simply because its another form of intimacy. It depends on the persons involved and the situation you re in. If you both can handle it and trust each other then you should be okay. It takes a great deal of courage and trust to withhold sex especially if you re waiting for marriage. A physical relationship is an added bonus when you are in love, the sex is just better. How you know when someone truly loves you vary from person to person. No two people show there love for someone else in the same way. If a person truly loves you then he/she will be there for you emotionally before they are there for you physically. Putting too much focus on the physical aspect of love will ruin any emotional bond that you hope to develop. Absolutely, there can be relationships without a sex. There are many ways to show your partner that you love him, it’s just that sex is one of them. I personally believe that sex belongs in a marriage. The other ways I am talking about are, acts of service, words of affirmation, touching, gifts and quality time. I mean if thereShow MoreRelated`` Sex Without Love `` By Sharon Olds1152 Words   |  5 Pagesex without love The poem, â€Å"sex without love† by Sharon Olds portrays the issues in the society today. Casual sex is on the rise and Olds is puzzled how one can have sex without loving the other partner. She states, â€Å"How do they do it, the ones who make love without sex?† (Line 1). She, however, describes sex with beautiful imagery of dancers, making it appealing but the eventual feeling of loneliness is inevitable. Olds choice of words, imagery, and symbolism throughout her texts is contrasting;Read More`` Sex Without Love `` By Tina Turner845 Words   |  4 Pagesone hit song, â€Å"What’s Love got to do with it,† became her signature song most recognized among her fans. Questioning a relationship’s worth and meaning is an endless universal topic with many diverse opinions and beliefs of what’s morally right or wrong. Similarly, Sharon Olds’ 1985 poem â€Å"Sex without Love† reflects a speaker’s disapproval and disappointme nt articulated with an ironic tone. At first glance, the speaker seems to be baffled on how an action can occur without the presence of the otherRead Morequot;Sex Without Love:quot;by Sharon Olds Essay600 Words   |  3 Pagesshe has been praised for the courage and emotional power of her work which continues to witness pain, love, desire, and grief with persistent courage. Sex Without Love, by Sharon Olds passionately describes the authors disgust for casual sex and her attitude toward loveless sex as a cold and harmful act. She brilliantly uses various poetic techniques to animate the immortality of loveless sex through her words and her great description evoke clear image in the reader mind. One of the characteristicsRead More Sex Without Love by Sharon Olds Essay733 Words   |  3 PagesSex Without Love by Sharon Olds Sex Without Love, by Sharon Olds passionately described the authors disgust for casual sex in which she vividly animates the immorality of lustful sex through the variety of her language. The sarcasm used in this selection can easily be misunderstood and quite confusing if the words and lines are not analyzed with specific construction. Olds clever use of imagery and frequent uses of similes, to make the reader imagine actual events, makes this poem comeRead MoreEssay on The Meaning of Love719 Words   |  3 PagesThe Meaning of Love Love has many different meanings to different people. For a child, love is what he or she feels for his mommy and daddy. To teenage boy, love is what he should feel for his girlfriend of the moment, only because she says she loves him. But as we get older and wiser, love becomes more and more confusing. Along with poets and philosophers, people have been trying to answer that age-old question for centuries: What is love? One definition of love in The Merriam-WebsterRead MoreLove is the greatest human emotion one can experience. In the poem Leaving the Motel by W. D.800 Words   |  4 PagesLove is the greatest human emotion one can experience. In the poem Leaving the Motel by W. D. Snodgrass and Sex Without Love by Sharon Olds each poet shares different views on the theme of love. Snodgrass poem focuses on a couple having an affair in a motel. As they are leaving they go through a checklist to make sure they keep their secrecy. While, Olds poem focuses more about how people have sex without being in love. Both of these poems illustrate a strong sense of love in different waysRead MorePremarital Sex Essay1086 Words   |  5 Pagesbe considered as taboo such as premarital sex. Sexual activity has always been a basic need to human beings. Not only it is for human’s reproduction, sexual life is also a considerate factor to predict the happiness of one’s life. There is an argument that wh ether premarital sex is appropriate among unmarried couples. The supportive side of this argument seems to have some reasonable pros to prove their point of the premarital sex’s advantages. Although sex is not the most important aspect in a relationshipRead MoreSex Without Love by Sharon Old Essay1100 Words   |  5 Pages Sharon Olds’ poem â€Å"Sex Without Love† wonders at the ability for two people to have sex and not involve emotions or pretenses of love. The poem argues that it is better to have sex without love under the premise that love is a false savior for people, and everyone is all alone anyhow. In other words, the claim is that personal interactions do not serve a purpose other than being a distraction, and they will inevitably end. However, the notion that attachment and love are false hopes for people andRead More thematic essay on identity941 Words   |  4 Pagesaspects of identity in the poem â€Å"Sex without Love,† by Sharon Olds. I can relate my own thoughts to how the author views the subject that she talks about in this poem. There has been a situation in my own life where I was thinking to myself, just as the author was, â€Å"How do they do it, the ones who make love without love?† (Olds 740). Having been raised as a well-rounded and disciplined person, as well as religious, I know the discouragement of having premarital sex. It’s not just the immorality thatRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Legal?1680 Words   |  7 PagesSex: the elephant in the room no one likes to talk about. It is a natural act humans have done for years but also a taboo to show or acknowledge. Sex, despite being taboo, is omnipresent. It is present in discussions of God, television, dating, and other areas, all of which have played a role into my understanding of sex and sexuality. However, public education has ultimately been the main factor in maintaining my personal safe sex life. Many parents debate whether sex educ ation should remain in

Frostbite Chapter 21 Free Essays

Twenty-one THIS WAS SO NOT WHAT I needed right now. I could have handled anything else Adrian did: hitting on her, getting her to smoke his ridiculous cigarettes, whatever. But not this. We will write a custom essay sample on Frostbite Chapter 21 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lissa quitting those pills was exactly what I’d wanted to avoid. Reluctantly I pulled out of her head and returned to my own grim situation. I would have liked to see what further developed with Adrian and Lissa, but watching them would do no good. Okay. I really needed a plan now. I needed action. I needed to get us out of here. But, glancing around me, I found myself no closer to escape than I had been earlier, and I spent the next few hours brooding and speculating. We had three guards today. They looked a little bored but not enough to slack off. Nearby, Eddie appeared unconscious, and Mason stared blankly at the floor. Across the room, Christian glared at nothing in particular, and I think Mia was sleeping. Painfully aware of how dry my throat was, I almost laughed in recalling how I’d told her water magic was useless. It might not do much in a fight, but I would have given anything for her to summon up some- Magic. Why hadn’t I thought of this before? We weren’t helpless. Not entirely. A plan slowly coalesced in my mind- a plan that was probably insane but was also the best we had. My heart thudded with anticipation, and I immediately schooled my features to calmness before the guards noticed my sudden insight. On the opposite side of the room, Christian was watching me. He’d seen the brief flare of excitement and realized I’d thought of something. He watched me curiously, as ready for action as I was. God. How could we pull this off? I needed his help, but I had no real way of letting him know what I had in mind. In fact, I wasn’t even sure if he could help me at all- he was pretty weak. I held his gaze, willing him to understand that something was going to happen. There was confusion on his face, but it was paired with determination. After making sure none of the guards were looking directly at me, I shifted slightly, giving a small tug at my wrists. I glanced behind me as much as I could, then met Christian’s eyes again. He frowned, and I repeated the gesture. â€Å"Hey,† I said loudly. Mia and Mason both jerked in surprise. â€Å"Are you guys really going to keep starving us? Can’t we at least have some water or something?† â€Å"Shut up,† said one of the guards. It was a pretty standard answer whenever any of us spoke. â€Å"Come on.† I used my best bitchy voice. â€Å"Not even like a sip of something? My throat’s burning. Practically on fire.† My gaze flicked to Christian as I said those last few words, then returned to the guard who’d spoken. As expected, he rose from his seat and lurched toward me. â€Å"Do not make me repeat myself,† he growled. I didn’t know if he’d really do anything violent, but I had no interest in pushing it just yet. Besides, I’d accomplished my goal. If Christian couldn’t take the hint, there was nothing else to be done for it. Hoping I looked afraid, I shut up. The guard returned to his seat, and after a while, he stopped watching me. I looked at Christian again and gave the wrist tug. Come on, come on, I thought. Put it together, Christian. His eyebrows suddenly shot up, and he stared at me in amazement. Well. He’d apparently figured out something. I just hoped it was what I’d wanted. His look turned questioning, as though asking if I was really serious. I nodded emphatically. He frowned in thought for a few moments and then took a deep, steadying breath. â€Å"All right,† he said. Everyone jumped again. â€Å"Shut up,† said one of the guards automatically. He sounded weary. â€Å"No,† said Christian. â€Å"I’m ready. Ready to drink.† Everyone in the room froze for the space of a few heartbeats, including me. This wasn’t exactly what I’d had in mind. The guards’ leader stood up. â€Å"Do not screw around with us.† â€Å"I’m not,† said Christian. He had a feverish, desperate look on his face that I didn’t think was entirely faked. â€Å"I’m tired of this. I want to get out of here, and I don’t want to die. I’ll drink- and I want her.† He nodded toward me. Mia squeaked in alarm. Mason called Christian something that would have earned him a detention back at school. This definitely wasn’t what I’d had in mind. The other two guards looked to their leader questioningly. â€Å"Should we get Isaiah?† asked one of them. â€Å"I don’t think he’s here,† said the leader. He studied Christian for a few seconds and then made a decision. â€Å"And I don’t want to bother him anyway if this is a joke. Let him go, and we’ll see.† One of the men produced a pair of sharp pliers. He moved behind Christian and leaned down. I heard the sound of plastic popping as the flex-cuffs gave way. Grabbing a hold of Christian’s arm, the guard jerked him upright and led him over to me. â€Å"Christian,† exclaimed Mason, fury filling his voice. He struggled against his constraints, shaking his chair a little. â€Å"Are you out of your mind? Don’t let them do this!† â€Å"You guys have to die, but I don’t,† snapped Christian, tossing his black hair out of his eyes. â€Å"There’s no other way out of this.† I didn’t really know what was going on now, but I was pretty sure I should be showing a lot more emotion if I was about to die. Two guards flanked Christian on either side, watching warily as he leaned toward me. â€Å"Christian,† I whispered, surprised at how easy it was to sound afraid. â€Å"Don’t do this.† His lips twisted into one of the bitter smiles he produced so well. â€Å"You and I have never liked each other, Rose. If I’ve got to kill someone, it might as well be you.† His words were icy, precise. Believable. â€Å"Besides, I thought you wanted this.† â€Å"Not this. Please, don’t- â€Å" One of the guards shoved Christian. â€Å"Get it over with, or get back to your chair.† Still wearing that dark smile, Christian shrugged. â€Å"Sorry, Rose. You’re going to die anyway. Why not do it for a good cause?† He brought his face down to my neck. â€Å"This is probably going to hurt,† he added. I actually doubted it would †¦ if he was really going to do it. Because he wasn’t†¦right? I shifted uneasily. By all accounts, if you got all your blood sucked out of you, you also got enough endorphins pumped in during the process to dull most of the pain. It was like going to sleep. Of course, that was all speculation. People who died from vampire bites didn’t really come back to report on the experience. Christian nuzzled my neck, moving his face under my hair so that it partially obscured him. His lips brushed my skin, every bit as soft as I recalled from when he and Lissa kissed. A moment later, the points of his fangs touched my skin. And then I felt pain. Real pain. But it wasn’t coming from the bite. His teeth only pressed against my skin; they didn’t break it. His tongue moved against my neck in a lapping motion, but there was no blood to suck. If anything, it was more like some kind of weird, twisted kiss. No, the pain came from my wrists. A burning pain. Christian was using his magic to channel heat into my flex-cuffs, just as I had wanted him to. He’d understood my message. The plastic grew hotter and hotter as he continued his barely there drinking. Anyone who’d been looking closely would have been able to tell he was half-faking it, but too much of my hair was blocking the guards’ view. I knew plastic was hard to melt, but only now did I really, really understand what that meant. The temperatures required to do any damage were off the charts. It was like plunging my hands into lava. The flex-cuffs seared my skin, hot and terrible. I squirmed, hoping I could relieve the pain. I couldn’t. What I did notice, however, was that the cuffs gave a little when I moved. They were getting softer. Okay. That was something. I just had to hold out a little longer. Desperately, I tried to focus on Christian’s bite and distract myself. It worked for about five seconds. He wasn’t giving me much in the way of endorphins, certainly not enough to combat that increasingly horrible pain. I whimpered, probably making myself more convincing. â€Å"I can’t believe it,† muttered one of the guards. â€Å"He’s actually doing it.† Beyond them, I thought I heard the sound of Mia crying. The cuffs’ burning increased. I’d never felt anything so painful in my life, and I’d been through a lot. Passing out was rapidly becoming a very real possibility. â€Å"Hey,† the guard suddenly said. â€Å"What’s that smell?† That smell was melting plastic. Or maybe my melting flesh. Honestly, it didn’t matter because the next time I moved my wrists, they broke through the gooey, scalding cuffs. I had ten seconds of surprise, and I used them. I leapt out of my chair, pushing Christian backward in the process. He’d had a guard on either side of him, and one still held the pliers. In a single motion, I grabbed the pliers from the guy and plunged them into his cheek. He gave some kind of gurgled scream, but I didn’t wait to see what happened. My window of surprise was closing, and I couldn’t waste time. As soon as I let go of the pliers, I punched the second guy. My kicks were stronger than my punches as a general rule, but I still hit him hard enough to startle him and make him stagger. By then, the guards’ leader was in action. As I’d feared, he still had a gun, and he went for it. â€Å"Don’t move!† he yelled, aiming at me. I froze. The guard I’d punched came forward and grabbed my arm. Nearby, the guy I’d stabbed was moaning on the floor. Still training the gun on me, the leader started to say something and then yelped in alarm. The gun glowed faintly orange and fell from his hands. Where he’d held it, the skin burned red and angry. Christian had heated the metal, I realized. Yeah. We definitely should have been using this magic thing from the start. If we got out of this, I was going to take up Tasha’s cause. The Moroi anti-magic custom was so instilled in our brains that we hadn’t even thought to try this sooner. It was stupid. I turned on the guy holding me. I don’t think he expected a girl my size to put up so much of a fight, plus he was still kind of stunned over what had happened to the other guy and the gun. I managed enough room to get in a kick to his stomach, a kick that would have earned me an A in my combat class. He grunted at the impact, and the motion propelled him back into the wall. In a flash, I was on him. Grabbing a fistful of his hair, I slammed his head against the ground hard enough to knock him out but not kill him. Immediately, I sprang up, surprised the leader hadn’t come after me yet. It shouldn’t have taken him that long to recover from the shock of the heated gun. But when I turned around, the room was quiet. The leader lay unconscious on the ground- with a newly freed Mason hovering over him. Nearby, Christian held the pliers in one hand and the gun in the other. It had to still be hot, but Christian’s power must have made him immune. He was aiming at that man I’d stabbed. The guy wasn’t unconscious, merely bleeding, but, like I had, he froze beneath that barrel. â€Å"Holy shit,† I muttered, taking in the scene. Staggering over to Christian, I held out my hand. â€Å"Give me that before you hurt somebody.† I expected a biting remark, but he simply handed the gun over with shaking hands. I shoved it into my belt. Studying him further, I saw how pale he was. He looked like he could collapse at any moment. He’d done some pretty major magic for someone who’d been starved for two days. â€Å"Mase, get the cuffs,† I said. Without turning his back on the rest of us, Mason took a few steps back toward the box where our captors had kept their stash of flex-cuffs. He pulled out three strips of plastic and then something else. With a questioning glance at me, he held up a roll of duct tape. â€Å"Perfect,† I said. We bound our captors to the chairs. One had remained conscious, but we knocked him out too and then put duct tape over all their mouths. They’d eventually come to, and I didn’t want them making any noise. After releasing Mia and Eddie, the five of us huddled together and planned our next move. Christian and Eddie could barely stand, but at least Christian was aware of his surroundings. Mia’s face was streaked with tears, but I suspected she’d be able to take orders. That left Mason and me as the most functional in the group. â€Å"That guy’s watch says it’s morning,† he said. â€Å"All we’ve got to do is get outside, and they can’t touch us. As long as there are no more humans, at least.† â€Å"They said Isaiah was gone,† said Mia in a small voice. â€Å"We should just be able to leave, right?† â€Å"Those men haven’t left in hours,† I said. â€Å"They could be wrong. We can’t do anything stupid.† Carefully, Mason opened the door to our room and peered out into the empty hallway. â€Å"Think there’s a way outside down here?† â€Å"That’d make our lives easier,† I muttered. I glanced back at the others. â€Å"Stay here. We’re going to check out the rest of the basement.† â€Å"What if somebody comes?† exclaimed Mia. â€Å"They won’t,† I assured her. I was actually pretty sure there was no one else in the basement; they would have come running with all that racket. And if anyone tried to come down the stairs, we would hear them first. Still, Mason and I moved cautiously as we scouted around the basement, watching each other’s backs and checking around corners. It was every bit the rat’s maze I remembered from our initial capture. Twisted hallways and lots of rooms. One by one, we opened each door. Every room was empty, save for the occasional chair or two. I shuddered, thinking that all of these were probably used as prisons, just as ours had been. â€Å"Not a goddamned window in this whole place,† I muttered when we’d finished our sweep. â€Å"We’ve got to go upstairs.† We headed back toward our room, but before we got there, Mason caught hold of my hand. â€Å"Rose †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I stopped and looked up at him. â€Å"Yeah?† His blues eyes- more serious than I’d ever seen them- looked down at me regretfully. â€Å"I really screwed things up.† I thought about all the events that had led to this. â€Å"We screwed things up, Mason.† He sighed. â€Å"I hope †¦ I hope when this is all done, we can sit down and talk and figure things out. I shouldn’t have gotten mad at you.† I wanted to tell him that that wasn’t going to happen, that when he’d disappeared, I’d actually been on my way to tell him things wouldn’t be better between us. Since this didn’t seem like the right time or place to bring up a breakup, I lied. I squeezed his hand. â€Å"I hope so too.† He smiled, and we returned to the others. â€Å"All right,† I told them. â€Å"Here’s how it’s going to be.† We quickly hashed out a plan and then crept up the stairs. I led, followed by Mia as she tried to support a reluctant Christian. Mason brought up the rear, practically dragging Eddie. â€Å"I should be first,† Mason murmured as we stood at the top of the stairs. â€Å"You aren’t,† I snapped back, resting my hand on the doorknob. â€Å"Yeah, but if something happens- â€Å" â€Å"Mason,† I interrupted. I stared at him hard, and suddenly, I had a brief flash of my mother that day when the Drozdov attack had broken. Calm and controlled, even in the wake of something so horrible. They’d needed a leader, just like this group did now, and I tried as hard as I could to channel her. â€Å"If something happens, you get them out of here. Run fast and run far. Do not come back without a herd of guardians.† â€Å"You’ll be the one who gets attacked first! What am I supposed to do?† he hissed. â€Å"Leave you?† â€Å"Yes. You forget about me if you can get them out.† â€Å"Rose, I’m not going to- â€Å" â€Å"Mason.† I again envisioned my mother, fighting for that strength and power to lead others. â€Å"Can you do this or not?† We stared at each other for several heavy moments while the others held their breaths. â€Å"I can do this,† he said stiffly. I nodded and turned back around. The basement door squeaked when I opened it, and I grimaced at the sound. Scarcely daring to breathe, I stood perfectly still at the top of the stairs, waiting and listening. The house and its eccentric decorating looked the same as when we’d been brought in. Dark blinds covered all of the windows, but along the edges, I could see bright light peeping in. Sunshine had never tasted so sweet as it did at that moment. Getting to it meant freedom. There were no sounds, no movements. Looking around, I tried to remember where the front door was. It was on the other side of the house- really not far in the grand scheme of things but a gaping chasm at the moment. â€Å"Scout with me,† I whispered to Mason, hoping to make him feel better about bringing up the rear. He let Eddie lean on Mia for a moment and stepped forward with me to do a quick sweep of the main living area. Nothing. The path was clear from here to the front door. I exhaled in relief. Mason took hold of Eddie again, and we moved forward, all of us tense and nervous. God. We were going to do this, I realized. We were really going to do this. I couldn’t believe how lucky we’d gotten. We’d been so close to disaster- and had just barely made it through. It was one of those moments that made you appreciate your life and want to turn things around. A second chance you swear you won’t let go to waste. A realization that- I heard them move almost at the same time I saw them step in front of us. It was like a magician conjured Isaiah and Elena out of thin air. Only, I knew there was no magic involved this time. Strigoi just moved that quickly. They must have been in one of the other main floor rooms that we’d assumed were empty- we hadn’t wanted to waste the extra time looking. I raged at myself internally for not having checked out every inch of the whole floor. Somewhere, in the back of my memory, I heard myself taunting my mother in Stan’s class: â€Å"It seems to me like you guys messed up. Why didn’t you scope out the place and make sure it was clear of Strigoi in the first place? Seems like you could have saved yourself a lot of trouble.† Karma’s a real bitch. â€Å"Children, children,† crooned Isaiah. â€Å"This isn’t how the game works. You’re breaking the rules.† A cruel smile played over his lips. He found us amusing, no real threat at all. Honestly? He was right. â€Å"Fast and far, Mason,† I said in low voice, never taking my eyes off the Strigoi. â€Å"My, my †¦ if looks could kill †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Isaiah arched his eyebrows as something occurred to him. â€Å"Are you thinking you can take us both on by yourself?† He chuckled. Elena chuckled. I gritted my teeth. No, I didn’t think I could take them both on. In fact, I was pretty sure I was going to die. But I was also pretty sure I could provide one hell of a distraction first. I lunged toward Isaiah but pulled the gun on Elena. You could get a jump on human guards- but not on Strigoi. They saw me coming practically before I even moved. They didn’t expect me to have a gun, though. And while Isaiah blocked my attacking body with almost no effort whatsoever, I still managed to get a shot off at Elena before he seized my arms and restrained me. The gun’s report rang loud in my ears, and she screamed in pain and surprise. I’d aimed for her stomach but had been jostled into hitting her thigh. Not that it mattered. Neither spot would kill her, but the stomach would have hurt a lot more. Isaiah held my wrists so hard, I thought he’d break the bones. I dropped the gun. It hit the floor, bounced, and slid toward the door. Elena shrieked in rage and clawed at me. Isaiah told her to control herself and pushed me out of reach. All the while, I flailed as much as possible, not so much to escape as to make a nuisance of myself. And then: the sweetest of sounds. The front door opening. Mason had taken advantage of my distraction. He’d left Eddie with Mia and sprinted around me and the grappling Strigoi to open the door. Isaiah turned with that lightning-fast speed of his- and screamed as sunlight poured over him. But even though he was suffering, his reflexes were still fast. He jerked himself out of the patch of light into the living room, dragging Elena and me with him- her by the arm and me by my neck. â€Å"Get them out!† I yelled. â€Å"Isaiah- † began Elena, breaking out of his grip. He shoved me to the floor and spun around, staring at his escaping victims. I gasped for breath now that his grip on my throat was gone and peered back at the door through the tangle of my hair. I was just in time to see Mason drag Eddie over the threshold, out into the safety of the light. Mia and Christian were already gone. I nearly wept in relief. Isaiah turned back on me with all the fury of a storm, his eyes black and terrible as he loomed over me from his great height. His face, which had always been scary, became something almost beyond comprehension. â€Å"Monstrous† didn’t even begin to cover it. He jerked me up by my hair. I cried out at the pain, and he brought his head down so that our faces were pressed up to one another’s. â€Å"You want a bite, girl?† he demanded. â€Å"You want to be a blood whore? Well, we can arrange that. In every sense of the word. And it will not be sweet. And it will not be numbing. It will be painful- compulsion works both ways, you know, and I will make sure you believe you are suffering the worst pain of your life. And I will also make sure your death takes a very, very long time. You will scream. You will cry. You will beg me to end it all and let you die- â€Å" â€Å"Isaiah,† cried Elena in exasperation. â€Å"Just kill her already. If you’d done it sooner like I said, none of this would have happened.† He kept his grip on me but flicked his eyes toward her. â€Å"Do not interrupt me.† â€Å"You’re being melodramatic,† she continued. Yeah, she really was whiny. I never would have thought a Strigoi could do that. It was almost comical. â€Å"And wasteful.† â€Å"Do not talk back to me, either,† he said. â€Å"I’m hungry. I’m just saying you should- â€Å" â€Å"Let her go, or I’ll kill you.† We all turned at the new voice, a voice dark and angry. Mason stood in the doorway, framed in light, holding my dropped gun. Isaiah studied him for a few moments. â€Å"Sure,† Isaiah finally said. He sounded bored. â€Å"Try it.† Mason didn’t hesitate. He fired and kept firing until he’d emptied the entire clip into Isaiah’s chest. Each bullet made the Strigoi flinch a little, but otherwise, he kept standing and holding on to me. This was what it meant to be an old and powerful Strigoi, I realized. A bullet in the thigh hurt a young vampire like Elena. But for Isaiah? Getting shot in the chest multiple times was simply a nuisance. Mason realized this too, and his features hardened as he threw down the gun. â€Å"Get out!† I screamed. He was still in the sun, still safe. But he didn’t listen to me. He ran toward us, out of his protective light. I redoubled my struggles, hoping I’d pull Isaiah’s attention away from Mason. I didn’t. Isaiah shoved me into Elena before Mason was halfway to us. Swiftly, Isaiah blocked and seized hold of Mason, exactly as he’d done to me earlier. Only, unlike with me, Isaiah didn’t restrain Mason’s arms. He didn’t jerk Mason upright by the hair or make long, rambling threats about an agonizing death. Isaiah simply stopped the attack, grabbed Mason’s head with both hands, and gave a quick twist. There was a sickening crack. Mason’s eyes went wide. Then they went blank. With an impatient sigh, Isaiah released his hold and tossed Mason’s limp body over toward where Elena held me. It landed before us. My vision swam as nausea and dizziness wrapped around me. â€Å"There,† Isaiah said to Elena. â€Å"See if that’ll tide you over. And save some for me.† How to cite Frostbite Chapter 21, Essay examples

Foundation of Nursing Kidney Diseases

Question: Discuss about theFoundation of Nursingfor Kidney Diseases. Answer: Introduction In the current times, there have emerged various communicable and non-communicable diseases. Most of the non-communicable diseases such as cancer, kidney diseases, and diabetes among others are associated largely with the lifestyle of the affected individuals. In this era of modernization and globalization, people engage in less vigorous activities or exercise a factor that leads to weight gain and obesity in the majority of the people. The healthy weight of an individual can be classified depending on their body mass index (BMI). The normal ranges of BMI are between 17.5 and 24.9 kg/m2 (Rippe Angelopoulos, 2012). Body mass indexes above these ranges indicate that a person is either overweight or obese. According to Haslam and Wittert (2014), obesity has increased significantly by more than 100% since 1980 globally. It is stipulated that by 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight worldwide. Among these, more than a third of them were obese. Obesity is associated with a nu mber of diseases that majorly include cardiovascular disorders and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, obesity may lead to loss of self-esteem, self-confidence and general productivity of an individual due to reduced mobility and inactivity (Rippe Angelopoulos, 2012). However, management through lifestyle modification can aide in the prevention of obesity and other related diseases. Lifestyle change can be achieved through health education provision to the affected individuals by health care providers. Notably, the effectiveness of the training offered depends on the clients developmental stage (Murtagh, 2013). Therefore this writing focuses on how various developmental and learning theories can be utilized by health care providers to effectively manage lifestyle conditions such as obesity while considering the developmental stage of an individual, through assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation of a teaching plan. Assessment According to Piagets cognitive developmental theory, Grace who has an age of 44 years is at the sixth stage, formal operational stage. In this stage she has abstract reasoning, a factor that has helped in her associating obesity with detrimental effects on her health (LeCroy Anthony, 2015). Additionally, in this cognitive developmental stage, she can consider the possible outcomes of actions on her health, and therefore it contributes to the shaping of her health seeking behaviors. Health seeking behaviors have a significant impact on the health of an individual as it determines the time of seeking health services, duration and adherence to prescribed therapies. Moreover, at this stage, one can analyze a health risk or problem and solve it in a logical and systematic manner. Therefore, this helps a nurse to work collaboratively with the client in solving the primary problem and thus contributing to improved health. However, it is the responsibility of the nurse to assess the cogniti ve developmental stage of an individual not only based on age but also on other factors as some people never reach formal operational stage regardless of their advanced age (Romano, 2015). As mentioned, it is imperative for the nurse to assess the client based on their developmental stage to identify the specific needs. According to Erik Eriksons psychosocial theory, Grace is at the stage of generativity versus stagnation in which people aged between 40 and 64 years exhibit the same needs that are supposed to be achieved for a person to successfully move to the next stage without stagnation (Newman Newman, 2016). Stagnation is an indication of poor health that may affect emotional, social, mental and physical aspects of an individual. A sense of productivity, achievement, and satisfaction can only ensue in Graces case if she can successfully contribute positively to self, family, and community, a phenomenon that makes her life count. Thus the primary focus her health is in her family, work, relationships with others and society. Some conditions can prevent a person from meeting the central tasks of this middle adulthood. Obesity can deter Grace from moving through thi s stage successfully as it limits ones movement from one place to another, reduces productivity and affects the social relationships due to reduced self-esteem (Zhang, Juan, Middlestadt, Susan Cheng-Ye, 2011). Firstly, obesity as the primary concern of Grace may not enable her to express love to her school age children through guiding them to perform certain activities such as household chores and sports among others. Consequently, the children may not develop to be responsible adults as required from their developmental level that requires them to learn various skills and gain academic and social competencies like their peers (Sa?enz, 2015). Secondly, she is supposed to maintain health patterns to successfully move though her current stage of which she may stagnate if she develops chronic diseases whose etiology is obesity such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Thirdly, she may not develop a sense of unity with family, friends and other relatives as it may experience reduced mo bility and therefore preventing her from attending social functions and interacting with others. In the same way, she may not effectively perform required activities to make a comfortable home and in her working environment, factors that can lead to lack of pride in self-accomplishments. She may also not use her leisure time in a creative manner due to the physical and emotional health limitations that are attributed to obesity and reduced self-esteem. Lastly, at this stage, she is expected to reverse roles with aging parents if any, but in Graces case it may be difficult to achieve this as she is equally faced with challenges that may deter her from achieving the roles she is supposed to perform. Thus she cannot establish balance between various life aspects as required in the genital stage of Sigmund Freuds psychosexual development (Weber Kelley, 2014). Notably, she has enough motivation for wellness as well as having enough time to practice lifestyle changes since she is working on part time basis. In the same way, she has access to a park that can be used for recreational activities including those that can assist in the adoption of healthy lifestyle such as exercises. Nursing Diagnosis Graces health needs require preventive measures because they are primarily, risk for diagnoses.' Based on the assessment data, she has some learning needs. Firstly, she has a risk for overweight related to unhealthy lifestyle practices. Secondly, she has a risk for chronic low self-esteem related to being overweight as evidenced by her verbalization on losing self-esteem and concern about weight. Thirdly, she has a risk for Disturbed body image related to obesity as evidenced by concern about weight gain. Fourthly, she has a risk for ineffective role performance and social interactions related to reduced mobility and lack of attending social functions due to excessive weight gain and low self-esteem. Fifthly, she has a risk for impaired parenting related to activity intolerance as evidenced by progressive weight gain. Lastly and most importantly she has a nursing diagnosis of readiness for enhanced self-health management. Plan By the end of the health education, the client will be able to demonstrate her understanding of the various ways in which she can enhance and sustain her self-esteem by providing a brief summary of the learning session. Secondly, the client should demonstrate progress and improved health over a period of one month by losing weight of at least one kilogram through modification of lifestyle. Implementation As stipulated by Ausubel and Blooms learning theories, learning should start from the known to the unknown and from simple to complex. He noted that new information fits into existing knowledge like key fits into a lock (Aliakbari, Parvin, Heidari Haghani, 2015). Therefore, during the implementation of client teaching and learning, the plan should be considerate of the existing knowledge of the client on the subject matter. Another significant approach that can be used is according to Skinners theory which suggests that learning can be shaped in the desired direction if the behavior is rewarded positively, continuously and immediately. This can be done through motivation, encouragement, praise and being supportive emotionally and psychologically by sharing success stories. A conducive environment that encourages active participation, that accepts the difference in desire, allows people to make mistakes and learn from them should be provided. The client should feel respected and acce pted to facilitate self-discovery and evaluation as well as cooperation. The most appropriate instruction methods to be utilized are verbal explanations which are equivalent to lecture as well as demonstrations (Friedman, Cosby, Boyko, Hatton-Bauer Turnbull, 2011). These are economical and easy to use methods that can be utilized at any given time. Since the interventions entail lifestyle changes that include exercise and nutritional modifications, they can effectively serve the purpose. The client can understand the subject matter better by explanation and observation during demonstration hence allowing the provision of a wide range of knowledge in a limited time. Moreover, it can be used to pace the learners way of learning and make adjustments as necessary. However, before the teaching session, a lesson plan should be prepared collaboratively to set the goals, identify available interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), teaching and learning aids and ways to eval uate the learning (Friedman, Cosby, Boyko, Hatton-Bauer Turnbull, 2011). Evaluation Learning outcomes of the learner/client can be determined through evaluation in some ways. According to Friedman et al. (2011), the effectiveness of teaching process can be noted through questioning during and after the learning session. Similarly, return demonstration can be used instantly to evaluate understanding of the client on the subject matter. The learner can also be asked to provide a summary of the whole learning session by providing the key points learned. This way the nurse can help the learner to understand herself, assist in the retention and transfer of knowledge, provide motivation and judge the learners achievements. Furthermore, the effectiveness of teaching can be determined and provide feedback. In conclusion, learning can be achieved through health education provided based on the developmental and age of an individual. Developmental theories as well as learning theories can be used to adequately assess, diagnose, plan for, implement, and evaluate a teaching and learning education. Teaching approaches methods can also be selected while considering the needs of the client and their level of cognitive, psychosexual and psychosocial development. Therefore, it is imperative that all nurses have knowledge of these essential theorise in an effort to uphold evidence-based practice (EBP). References Aliakbari, F., Parvin, N., Heidari, M., Haghani, F. (January 01, 2015). Learning theories application in nursing education.Journal of Education and Health Promotion,4, 2-27. Friedman, A. J., Cosby, R., Boyko, S., Hatton-Bauer, J., Turnbull, G. (January 01, 2011). Effective Teaching Strategies and Methods of Delivery for Patient Education: A Systematic Review and Practice Guideline Recommendations.Journal of Cancer Education,26,1, 12-21. Haslam, D., Wittert, G. (2014).Fast facts: Obesity. Oxford, England: Health Press LeCroy, C. W., Anthony, E. K. (2015).Case studies in a child, adolescent, and family treatment. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons Murtagh, J. (2013).Murtagh's patient education. North Ryde, New South Wales: McGraw-Hill Newman, B. M., Newman, P. R. (2016).Theories of human development. New York, Psychology Press, Taylor Francis Group Rippe, J. M., Angelopoulos, T. J. (2012).Obesity: Prevention and treatment. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Romano, J. L. (2015).Prevention Psychology: Enhancing Personal and Social Well-Being. Washington, D.C: American Psychological Association. Sa?enz, H. M. (2015).Psychopathology in women: Incorporating gender perspective into descriptive psychopathology. Cham : Springer Weber, J., Kelley, J. (2014).Health assessment in nursing. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins Zhang, Juan, Middlestadt, Susan E, Ji, Cheng-Ye. (2011).Psychosocial factors underlying physical activity. (BioMed Central Ltd.) BioMed Central Ltd.

The Once And Future King - Arthurs Failure Essays - Merlin

The Once and Future King - Arthur's Failure The Once and Future King - Arthur's Failure "He was only a man who had meant well, who had been spurred along the course of thinking by an eccentric necromancer with a weakness for humanity. Justice had been his last attempt-to do nothing which was not just. But it had ended in failure" (White, OAFK 634). The"he" in this passage refers to King Arthur, the main character in T.H. White's The Once and Future King and Book of Merlyn, who failed in his attempt to unite England due to the mistakes made by him and those close to him. Arthur, betrayed by those close to him, not properly educated on the greedy, selfish, and violent heart of man, failed in his attempt to create a stable, progressive, and peaceful society. To begin with, those close to Arthur made mistakes that would lead to his eventual downfall. Merlyn's forgetfulness kept him from informing Arthur of his mother's name. "...but suddenly he remembered it in his sleep-the simplest thing! It was Arthur's mother's name which he had forgotten to mention in the confusion!" (White, OAFK 310). If Arthur had known the identity of his mother he would not have slept with his own sister, "...but it seems, in tragedy, that innocence is not enough" (White, OAFK 312). This account with his sister created Mordred, who, taught by his mother that revenge had to be taken, would be his father's killer. Others close to Arthur betrayed him as well. Gwenever's selfishness and jealousy as well as Lancelot's "evil steak" played an important role in the King's downfall. They chose to sleep with each other behind the King's back, knowing that the discovery of their affair would destroy his life's work. If Gwen and Lance could have just come to the realization that they could not sleep each other and still be loyal to their King, this tragedy would not have taken place. Perhaps Lance put it best when he said "...your friend can hardly be your friend if he is also going to be your betrayer" (White, OAFK 336). Arthur did not receive a proper education on the greedy, selfish, and violent heart of man. As the young Wart growing up in the Forest Sauvage, Arthur "...had been taught by an aged benevolence, wagging a white beard. He had been taught by Merlyn to believe that man was perfectible: that he was on the whole more decent that beastly; that good was worth trying: that there was no such thing as original sin. He had been forged as a weapon for the aid of man, on the assumption that men were good.....the whole structure depended on the first premise; that man was decent" (White OAFK 628). Because Arthur possessed such a wise and loving tutor who showed him the good and decent side of human nature, he himself grew up "...kind, simple, and upright" (White OAFK 387) Merlyn taught him through the use of animals that were much more peaceful and serene than humans could ever hope to be. Because Arthur possessed such a kind and moral heart, he could not find it in his heart to hate his best friend, his wife, or anyone for betraying him, and his forgiving nature and naivete eventually led to his downfall. If Merlyn had only showed him that all men possessed a streak of evil in them, Arthur would not have been so quick to assume that all men were good "...for if there was such a thing as original sin, if man was on the whole a villain, if the bible was right in saying that the hearts of men were deceitful above all things and desperately wicked, then the purpose of his life had been a vain one" (White OAFK 629). In the end, Arthur lost his battle with might and failed to create a stable, peaceful, and progressive society. This was due to several factors including the mistakes made by those close to him, his naivete and forgiving nature, and the evil and/or ignorance that lurks in the hearts of men. If he could have just known that none were as lucky as he had been, concerning the lessons he had been taught as a boy. "He, unfortunately for himself, had been beautifully brought up. His teacher had educated him as the child is educated in the womb...and, like the child in the womb, he had been protected with love meanwhile. The effect of such an education was that he had grown without any of the useful

It coursework project 1a Essay Example

It coursework project 1a Essay Example It coursework project 1a Essay It coursework project 1a Essay In this coursework I will try to encourage middle aged adults to ride bikes as a frequent form of transport or leisure. I intend persuade my audience in form of a leaflet. In this I will explain the environmental issues and the safety that is involved while cycling. Microsoft Publisher 97 will be the software that will help me create this leaflet. I will be saving my coursework in a specially allocated area for me, within my schools Local Area Network (LAN). My Network Area This shows the directories and sub-directories where I will save my work, in the form of a tree diagram. This screenshot proves where I will be saving the work for this coursework. For my internet search I will be using a very good and popular search engine, google. It can found at google.com I will start by searching for cycling With the single keyword cycling I got 3,390,000 results, which is too much to manually look through. I will use more keywords to narrow down the results that I get. As you can see, I got 3,390,000 results, which is too much to manually look through. By using more keywords, I will narrow my search down and filter unwanted results. Just by adding a few more keywords, my search has narrowed down to a more realistic number, but it is still not practical to search through 3,220 webpages. The + sign in front of the keywords, tell the search engine that the results must include these results. The - sign in front if the keywords tell the search engine to filter results with these words. Its illegal to copy, distribute or alter the contents of copyright material without the owners permission. There is a data protection act which states that companies that keep records of their customers personal details, should inform the customers that they have these details, and the data that they keep must be up to date. Banks keep sensitive information of their customers credit rating which is very sensitive, and the customers should be able to view these details when they wish. Addresses of customers must be kept up to date. I took the screenshot below from msn.co.uk from the bottom of the web page. This shows the copyright of that web page. There are many health issues related to ICT: ; Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) which is reconised as the stiffness of the arms or shoulders. It is caused by repetitive finger movements over large periods of time. To reduce the risk of RSI, you should buy a keyboard with an ergonomic design and regularly take breaks while using the keyboard, for long periods of time. ; Adjustable chairs and screen that can tilt will help prevent back pain and also prevent eyes strain. ; A monitor placed from a user can cause the user o strain their eyes. ; General Stress and fatigue can sometimes be caused when users stay in contact their machine for prolonged periods of time. Taking breaks can help reduce this. ; There should be no wiring left around the room for anyone to trip over. ; Electrical sockets should not be overloaded. ; The sockets should have the correct fuses and the computer should be properly earthed. ; Fire extinguishers should be available to counter any fires that occur from electrical devices. The fire extinguishers must not be water based, because they are not meant for use with electrical items. Advantages ; Word -Processors such as Microsoft word, allow us to edit documents without typing it all out again, which could be very time consuming. ; There are many graphic tools available, which are especially useful for presentations, and have effects that cannot be done by an unskilled hand. ; Some word- processors offer many very useful features such as spell check and word count. ; Large amounts of text and pictures can be easily and quickly copied. ; Files can be easily backed up in case of data loss. ; The internet has lots of information on a wide range on topics. This information can be quickly and easily found. Disadvantages: ; Computer games can be addictive and very time consuming. ; A computer has become so useful that many people spend most of their day on a computer, which prevents them from doing any exercise or socialising. In the future this can lead to an increased number of obese children. ; Data published on the net may be of adult content ands therefore not be suitable for children. Although there are some programs that can monitor activities on the net, programs of reasonable quality are usually expensive, and cannot substitute a human supervisor. ; For example, using an online purchasing system or any anything in which you upload sensitive information about yourself, is potentially dangerous because it is possible that hackers may intercept the data. ; Some people may not know how to use a computer (or software) to its full potential. Some users may find it complicated. If someone gets unauthorised access to your computer, either through a network connection, or physically being at your terminal, they could quite easily delete all your files. This is unlikely with the manual method. Users may find that different software is incompatible with an earlier or later version of the same program or even completely different programs. This can be frustrating. A computer virus is a program which: * May attach itself to another program or file and runs when the program or file is executed. * It may alter the contents of your hard drive and may delete essential files, without your knowledge. * They may be spread from computer to computer, either by email, or downloading a file from an unknown source such as a website, claiming to give away free software or a person you have met in a chat room claiming to have the software that you need. Writing or knowingly distributing viruses is illegal and is a punishable offence. The schools computers were prevented from viruses by: * Using anti-virus software. * Regularly updating the database of the anti-virus software. * Files were automatically backed up in case of an virus attack or a loss of data. * I avoided downloading files from unknown sources, especially emails. Unsolicited email is very common to any frequent internet user. They usually advertise products but, very rarely, you may receive an email with an attachment. It may be from someone you do not know, and they may ask you to open the attachment in some way, for example, one might tell you that there is a game inside, and therefore ask you to try it out or maybe one might tell you that your requested files are in the attachment, if you get any of these emails delete them immediately without opening the attachment. I unfortunately had to learn this the hard way. Luckily my anti-virus software notified me of the presence of a virus and stopped me from executing the file, that was an attachment of an email. Hacking: Though it is not very usual, viruses can be introduced by users who have unauthorised access to the computer. These users are known as Hackers, and the method they use to get access to your computer is referred to as hacking, which involves breaking codes and passwords. Passwords: To reduce the risk of being hacked, users must use usernames and passwords. Each user has a unique username and a password that only the user should know. If the either the username or password is incorrect, access is restricted. The username identifies the user and the password is known only to the user and validates the users identity. Your password must be kept a secret, and if found out, must be changed immediately. Protecting passwords: They should not be a word found in the dictionary, or a word that is obvious. This prevents what is called a Dictionary attack. Programs are made to try out every word in the dictionary, as your password. They should be made longer than 6 characters There are programs which try every possible combination of numbers, letters and symbols as the password. It will take longer this way, but eventually it will work. To prevent this from happening, our school automatically prevents access to an account whereby the password has been incorrectly entered, a certain number of times. Advantages Word -Processors such as Microsoft word, allow us to edit documents without typing it all out again, which could be very time consuming. There are many graphic tools available, which are especially useful for presentations, and have effects that cannot be done by an unskilled hand. Some word- processors offer many very useful features such as spell check and word count. Large amounts of text and pictures can be easily and quickly copied. Files can be easily backed up in case of data loss. The internet has lots of information on a wide range on topics. This information can be quickly and easily found. Disadvantages: Computer games can be addictive and very time consuming. A computer has become so useful that many people spend most of their day on a computer, which prevents them from doing any exercise or socialising. In the future this can lead to an increased number of obese children. Data published on the net may be of adult content ands therefore not be suitable for children. Although there are some programs that can monitor activities on the net, programs of reasonable quality are usually expensive, and cannot substitute a human supervisor. For example, using an online purchasing system or any anything in which you upload sensitive information about yourself, is potentially dangerous because it is possible that hackers may intercept the data. Some people may not know how to use a computer (or software) to its full potential. Some users may find it complicated. ; If someone gets unauthorised access to your computer, either through a network connection, or physically being at your terminal, they could quite easily delete all your files. This is unlikely with the manual method. ; Users may find that different software is incompatible with an earlier or later version of the same program or even completely different programs. This can be frustrating. Its illegal to copy, distribute or alter the contents of copyright material without the owners permission. There is a data protection act which states that companies that keep records of their customers personal details, should inform the customers that they have these details, and the data that they keep must be up to date. Banks keep sensitive information of their customers credit rating which is very sensitive, and the customers should be able to view these details when they wish. Addresses of customers must be kept up to date. I took the screenshot below from msn.co.uk from the bottom of the web page. This shows the copyright of that web page. A computer virus is a program which: * May attach itself to another program or file and runs when the program or file is executed. * It may alter the contents of your hard drive and may delete essential files, without your knowledge. * They may be spread from computer to computer, either by email, or downloading a file from an unknown source such as a website, claiming to give away free software or a person you have met in a chat room claiming to have the software that you need. Writing or knowingly distributing viruses is illegal and is a punishable offence. The schools computers were prevented from viruses by: * Using anti-virus software. * Regularly updating the database of the anti-virus software. * Files were automatically backed up in case of an virus attack or a loss of data. * I avoided downloading files from unknown sources, especially emails. Unsolicited email is very common to any frequent internet user. They usually advertise products but, very rarely, you may receive an email with an attachment. It may be from someone you do not know, and they may ask you to open the attachment in some way, for example, one might tell you that there is a game inside, and therefore ask you to try it out or maybe one might tell you that your requested files are in the attachment, if you get any of these emails delete them immediately without opening the attachment. I unfortunately had to learn this the hard way. Luckily my anti-virus software notified me of the presence of a virus and stopped me from executing the file, that was an attachment of an email. Hacking: Though it is not very usual, viruses can be introduced by users who have unauthorised access to the computer. These users are known as Hackers, and the method they use to get access to your computer is referred to as hacking, which involves breaking codes and passwords. Passwords: To reduce the risk of being hacked, users must use usernames and passwords. Each user has a unique username and a password that only the user should know. If the either the username or password is incorrect, access is restricted. The username identifies the user and the password is known only to the user and validates the users identity. Your password must be kept a secret, and if found out, must be changed immediately. Protecting passwords: They should not be a word found in the dictionary, or a word that is obvious. This prevents what is called a Dictionary attack. Programs are made to try out every word in the dictionary, as your password. They should be made longer than 6 characters There are programs which try every possible combination of numbers, letters and symbols as the password. It will take longer this way, but eventually it will work. To prevent this from happening, our school automatically prevents access to an account whereby the password has been incorrectly entered, a certain number of times. There are many health issues related to ICT: Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) which is reconised as the stiffness of the arms or shoulders. It is caused by repetitive finger movements over large periods of time. To reduce the risk of RSI, you should buy a keyboard with an ergonomic design and regularly take breaks while using the keyboard, for long periods of time. Adjustable chairs and screen that can tilt will help prevent back pain and also prevent eyes strain. A monitor placed from a user can cause the user o strain their eyes. General Stress and fatigue can sometimes be caused when users stay in contact their machine for prolonged periods of time. Taking breaks can help reduce this. There should be no wiring left around the room for anyone to trip over. Electrical sockets should not be overloaded. The sockets should have the correct fuses and the computer should be properly earthed. Fire extinguishers should be available to counter any fires that occur from electrical devices. The fire extinguishers must not be water based, because they are not meant for use with electrical items. Dos ; Always save your work ; Always log off after the end of an I.T session. ; Tell the supervising teacher if you find anything damaged, before you start using the computer. ; Look in the help section of the programme if you run into difficulty. Pressing F1 will mormally give help and reading the relevant section may resolve the problem. If not, requwst supervision from the teacher or the I.T technician. ; Check any disks or files that you download onto the computer, with a virus scanner. Regularly make backups of your work. If it is present, make use of the Autosave function, which automatically saves your work at user-defined intervals. Donts Never eat or drink in the I.T lab. Never tamper with the wires behind the computer. Dont switch off or disconnect the machine if you have a problem. Call a teacher or I.T technition. ; Dont switch off the pc until you get this message: It is now safe to switch off Dont place unshielded equipment not supplied to the pc near to it. A radio or mobile phone near to the monitor,, for example, may cause a distorted picture. ; Dont get scratches on compact disks. This may result in them being unusable. Dont leave applications open when not in use. Too man applications open at any one time can slow down the operation of the pc. ; Dont delete files that you have not created. Programs have their own data files and deleting these files will stop the computer from working. Errors Errors occur when something goes wrong or something unexpected happens. Errors can occur in hardware and software. Hardware errors: Hardware errors usually occurs when the computer boots up. The following hardware error occurs when a computer boots up while floppy disk is present in its floppy disk drive. Invalid system disk Replace the disk, and then press any key. This happened to me many times. It required me to remove the floppy disk and then press any key. Software errors: Any error that occurs in the operating system or programs within it is a software error. The following error occurred to me, while I was using Microsoft Internet Explorer, and I had entered a web page that either could not be found or was invalid. Help: From the screenshot above, you can see that Internet Explorer offers some help on the error. Usually by pressing F1, a help menu can be accessed. Newer software offer online help, either in the form of guidance from a web page or a professional.

Compare and Contrast Song of Roland and The Iliad. Similarities and Term Paper

Compare and Contrast Song of Roland and The Iliad. Similarities and differences - Term Paper Example The poems are long works and so they are broken into shorter verses and chapters, which makes it easier for the performers to remember. There are many repeated phrases that are used to refer to individual characters or places. Athena is usually referred to in terms of her grey eyes, for example, and there are a lot of references to Roland’s youth and nobility. The content is also similar. Both poems tell the stories of heroic warriors who fight with each other on behalf of great kings. There is a lot of focus on battles, and the women play a secondary role, usually being taken captive like Helen in the Iliad and Bramimonde in the Song of Roland and displayed as a trophy for the winner of a battle. There is a strong narrator who reports what happens, what people are thinking and saying, and even what gods and other divine messengers are doing. The contrast between the human and divine dimensions is very important in epics. There are obvious differences in terms of the historica l period and culture of the two poems. Homer talks about war between Greeks and Trojans, while the Song of Roland deals with the Frankish followers of Charlemagne and their enemies the Muslim Saracens. In the Greek/Trojan world there are many different gods who take an active part in the battles.

Different Aspects of Reflective Learning and How it Relates with Hinna Essay

Different Aspects of Reflective Learning and How it Relates with Hinna Azeem Jewelry - Essay Example This report also reflects how our group worked both individually and collectively in order to complete the task. Reflective learning helps us improve our future by learning from the past. A good entrepreneur is one who not only posseses reflection skills but also enhances theses skills as time goes on. Hinna Azeem has proven herself as a entrepreneur who possesses good reflection skills. She has proved this phenomenon with the actions during the course of business. Introduction Hina Azeem, a jewelry brand named under the name of its very designer has become one famous brand. The brand started its life cycle in 2000. Like every business H Azeem grew slowly but steadily and within two years of the business achieved a stable growth. Hinna Azeem, the designer, was in the view of introducing jewelry at afforable price to the community. She not only wanted the jewlery to be affordable but also wanted it to be luxurious and stylish too. She believed that wearing nice and stylish jewelry gav e a lot of psychological advantages to woman in which confidence was one major aspect. After introducing luxurious and stylish watches and jewelry for woman Hina Azeem has now planned to introduced products for men is well. She has planned to start off with gemstone cufflinks and custom made cufflinks and also offers after service products which no competitor offers at the moment. This shall give her an added advantage in the market. Her idea of pricing jewelry at affordable rates has ensured a large turnover which has led to profit making. Her business strategies and skills are impressive. She has outsourced her manufacturing to turkey, china and far off to ensure cheap labour. This tactics in return has ensured her to provide cheap and affordable prices. Instead of choosing a business strategy like that of APPLE and pricing her products highly and make it a fashion symbol, she has prefered to go about it in her own way. Even though now that has business has flourished and her bran d named developed she has shown commitment to her initial strategy and has kept her price low. She has shown her sharpness when it comes to business at many occasions. Entering the men jewelry segment which is hardly saturated and offering extra value added services has kept her spot her. She has also started sales online, which shows her sharpness with regard to use of technology. Her skills and actions make her stand out to the rest of her competitors. She has been mentioned in many journal, which is a great achievement. She is a young but at the same time a prolific entrepreneur. REPORT Below is the report sections which reflect how each of us went about in fulfilling this task. What kinds of problems we went through and how each and every one of us played our part in completing the requirements of this module. The report has been laid down in such format so each individuals work and achievement can be analysed and understood. The conclusion is right at the end, and has been achi eved not individually but as a team. Individual 1 Every entrepreneur has its own way and strategies to success. Some use their own beliefs while others may go from learning from experience of others. Some may go making new opportunities out of threats; some may simply wait and capitalize on them. We may even come across people who believe that entrepreneur are born rather than made. I personally think that people have their own view and we are to respect that fact. No one is an entrepreneur until and unless he actually enters the field of business. On his ladder to success he shall face many

Discuss the Iranian Constitutional Revolution's causes and outcomes Essay

Discuss the Iranian Constitutional Revolution's causes and outcomes - Essay Example The Iranian constitutional Revolution of 1906 stands to highlight the pivotal moment, that shaped the formation of the modern Iraq nation. The Iranian society underwent a series of changes that affected its power relations, social structure, and the political language (Campo, 2009:55). In addition, the relentless European penetration into the nation led to its subsequent weakening, affecting the economy as well as the traditional elites thus bringing Iran in the doorsteps of the expanding capitalism system (Afary, Anderson & Foucault, 2005:90). This processes led the country into a change of the constitution. This research paper will analyze the chronology of events that necessitated Iran’s new constitutional dispensation, first the birth of the revolution, secondly the causes of the constitutional revolution and thirdly the outcomes of the constitutional revolution. The itinerary of the revolution To begin with, the itinerary of Iran’s constitutional birth traces back to the days of Qajar regime (Sohrabi, 2011:48). A journey shed new light to the country. It highlighted the role of ordinary citizens, peasantry, the status of women, and the multifaceted structure of the Iranian society, in the course of realizing the new law reforms. As stated earlier in the introduction, the new changes in the military, administrative, educational, and judicial reforms led to emergency of new institutions and a new social stratum of intellectuals. As this seemed not going to end, the simplification of the Persian prose, which aimed at articulating it to a new system of historical narration no longer basing on Muslim, was on its way to change the existing social norms (Daniel, 2000:54). As a reason to this, the dominant Iranian conversation or discourse changed. This discourse, which was the bonding element between state and religion, led to the emergency of new relations of power and knowledge. People shifted away from the use of possessors of knowledge to being spiritualists (Katouzian, 2006:105). They now referred to the religious elites. At this level, it is clear that the country was operating on two different and opposing blocs. Qajar regime tried to create social reforms in the existing institutions. The regime-faced collisions even from clergies who had became an important component of the power bloc. As a result, with each group having its own resolutions and visions, the end was a conflict of interest. This slowed down the pace of reforms. The lag in the realization of reforms increased the dissatisfaction between the merchants and the intellectuals. Consequently, this brought uneasiness to the Qajar’s. At this stage, the merchants and the intellectuals opposed the government’s slow pace because they believed they possessed more revitalized ideas. All those who were for the reforms and those who formed the pact of not in support, ganged up to discredit the government due to its despotism of the state (Sohrabi, 2011:66 ). The aftermath of this was the fight that targeted despotism. This brought together even the opposing forces, which prior had diverse antagonistic demands and aspirations. In this emerging discourse, the political space divided into two (Afary, Anderson & Foucault, 2005:114). There was the state on one side and the antagonistic poles on the other (people and the state). On the side of the, opposing force, only one thing unified them, the defense of their creed (defense of the millat). At this time, there was a radical

Commercialization And Profit Making Incentive In Healthcare Economics Essay

Commercialization And Profit Making Incentive In Healthcare Economics Essay Commercialization and the profit making motive in healthcare has been an issue for heated debate in recent times. Should the healthcare industry be regarded as a for profit enterprise or retain the philosophical approach intended which should be to treat sick patients at the barest minimum available price? I will with this essay present an argument against commercialization or a profit making incentive by looking at it from the perspective of the physician, the economy, the patient and all other stakeholders in the sector. As far back as ancient China, a member of a family was expected to be proficient in the art of medicine in other to meet the health demands of his kin. This has eventually evolved into receiving a financial reward for this expertise and hence the emergence of the medical profession as we have known it to be. A doctor sees a patient and receives a fee for treatment offered. This is in itself not a bad thing as quite agreeably, a service has been offered and like most services, should involve remuneration. Only problem with this is that unlike most other types of services, healthcare is quite a peculiar form of service as it doesnt follow the normal laws of economics. For example, a hotelier can decide not to accommodate an individual without the financial capacity to pay for a room but it screams out against all the medical profession has stood for in all these years to turn an individual (who for the sake of strengthening this argument, needs a minimal intervention to prevent a life threatening catastrophe) without the financial capacity away from the hospital. Needless it is to mention that the medical profession is one that has been governed by ethics and rules, the very foundations that make the profession a noble one. A profit making motive serves to do a whole lot more damage than good. Basic definitions Before resuming this essay, it will be important to understand the basic definitions of to concepts which will be the sole foundations of this argument. Profession: As Hodson and Sullivan explain, a profession is a knowledge-based occupation with high status that has four principal characteristics: specialized knowledge, autonomy, and authority over other subordinate occupational groups, and a degree of altruism (Hodson and Sullivan, 2002). These four characteristics can be said to serve as the basic ideologies which define a profession. Commercialized healthcare: Provision of healthcare services through market relationships to those who can afford it; investments in and production of services and of inputs to them, for cash income to profit, including private contracting and supply to publicly financed health services; and healthcare finance by individual payment and private insurance. (UNRISD, 2005) COMMERCIALIZATION AND THE PATIENT It has been effectively argued that putting a price on health will reduce number of patients who seek unnecessary procedures or surgeries such as in the case of cosmetic surgery, or even more positively make people more health conscious for example people will avoid being morbidly obese as they know that the cost of a gastric by-pass surgery will be overwhelming, and will do all they can to get into shape, eat healthier and live a relatively healthier life than if it wasnt expensive. However, the relationship between a physician and the patient is one of trust, where the patient subjects him/herself to the judgement of the physician, judging that the physicians decision about his/her health will be solely guided by the patients best interest at heart, a vulnerable position, very open to abuse and can encourage to promote profit producing drugs, unnecessary surgeries, tests and treatment. In this situation, the possibilities for manipulation and abuse of the trust are limitless. Studies have shown reduced trustworthiness amongst for-profit institutions (Schlesinger et al., 2005). There have been cases heard of doctors keeping patients on dialysis earlier than they should be so that more money can be made, or refusing/not suggesting a kidney transplant which can stop the dialysis altogether. In particular, the relationship between the provider and consumer in this case cannot be compared to what gives under normal economic market forces. This is because the healthc are consumer is not sovereign and lacks the medical know about their condition and what they exactly require. Besides the sick or frightened patients do not regard their physicians as they would normal purveyors of goods and services nor do they regard the hospital as a department store. This is all without mentioning the economic impact it will have on the patient, who might be made to pay for what is relatively cheaper, or even totally unnecessary and that might not be beneficial to the patients health at all. In a for-profit enterprise, treatments and procedures lacking an opening for profit, however effective and cost saving will be disregarded to make way for newer and sometimes even unreliable but far more profitable procedures and treatment. One of the most pressing issues in this is the health inequality gap this creates especially amongst socio-economic groups. Richer individuals who are able to afford the large sums required for their treatment will ultimately survive longer than those who are less privileged. Even the UK health system, which commenced a comprehensive free healthcare system by the mid twentieth century funded by tax revenue, still faces issues with health inequality, how much more a system where healthcare is out of pocket service and with the possibility of profit making motive. COMMERCIALIZATION AND THE DOCTOR The medical doctor is one who has gone through gruelling training to acquire medical skill a supporter of commercialization can easily argue. The cost of training a doctor varies in different countries but arguably tops the list in these countries nonetheless as the training takes longer than a regular undergraduate programme, and of all professions, it is the one that requires constant reading and updating, after all, we are dealing with human lives here. And so, it has been said that well paid professionals, who have no need to worry about their daily needs, and/or catering for their families tend to be the most effective. It is argued that they will be able to concentrate on their jobs fully and perform most efficiently. While comfort cannot be ignored as comfort brings happiness and happiness leads to efficiency, this has never been the backbone of the medical profession. I believe the healthcare provider should be adequately compensated, but not like businessmen, or else the consumer will be perceived as a commodity and no longer as a sick patient in need. For example a healthcare deliverer who is driven for profit, will be biased in the provision of his services, where he/she will have more zeal and attention to a profitable case than he would in a non-profitable one. The physicians oath, which with its third line declares that I will practise my profession with conscience and dignity; the health of my patient will be my first consideration, must always be at the back of his/her mind. Commercialization will lead to leaving certain values and morals that are necessary to a community, such as caring, compassion, charity. The idea of altruism should be perpetuated by all healthcare providers and their primary concern has to be the alleviation of human suffering and the restoration of health. Society must not allow such important and fragile virtues to be extinguished by the self-interest that drives for-profit enterprise. Furthermore, as a marketing scheme, multinational drug companies spend more and more on education in medical schools, and also on doctors with the aim of eventually influencing the physicians decision making, tilting to favour the companies sometimes at the expense of the patient. COMMERCIALIZATION AND THE ECONOMY Health is one of the main priorities of a country and the provision of affordable healthcare and a good welfare system should not be a privilege to any member of a large society. Unfortunately, this will not be seen in a profit oriented health setting. Solicitors of for-profit health institutions will argue that with the advent of managed care, less and less will be spent on healthcare. This is by introducing policies of insurance into healthcare because the more people subscribed to the system, the cost for healthcare will be spread over all of them. Physicians under this programme will be advised to use less expensive treatment and sometimes at the expense of the patient. The cost to the workforce of sick patients who are unable to carry out normal daily activities will be very obvious. Also, when the financially capable are the ones who are more likely to get medical attention and the ones who cannot are left out to dry, it further increases the upper-lower class margin creating a terrible inequality that should not be accepted. COMMERCIALIZATION OF HEALTH AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS One of the major driving forces of commercialization of healthcare is the introduction of investor owned institutions. Now everybody wants a dip of this now largely rewarding enterprise ranging from bankers to insurance managers, stockbrokers, economists and so on. This has only done nothing but to undermine the authority of the health care provider as he/she is now subject to higher authority; the authority of investors. This will not allow him/her make the best decisions in favour of the patient as his decisions will become profit oriented. There is also the issue of unfair competition for non profit health institutions. When for profit institutions agree to take only the wealthier clients and those who are able to pay, this indirectly shifts all those who are unable to pay to the non profit health care providers causing an undue and unfair burden on them. In some cases it can also turn non-profit institutions into for profit ones, and cycle continues gradually phasing the non-profit institutions out of existence. The medical establishment works closely with the drug multinationals whose main objective is profits, and whose worst nightmare would be an epidemic of good health. Lots of drugs must be sold. In order to achieve this, anything goes: lies, fraud, and kickbacks. Doctors are the principal salespeople of the drug companies. They are rewarded with research grants, gifts, and lavish perks. The principal buyers are the public from infants to the elderly who must be thoroughly medicated and vaccinatedat any cost! Why do the authorities forbid alternative medicine? Because they are serving the industry, and the industry cannot make money with herbs, vitamins, and homeopathy. They cannot patent natural remedies. That is why they push synthetics. They control medicine, and that is why they are able to tell medical schools what they can and cannot teach. They have their own sets of laws, and they force people into them. The healthcare industry has become so reliant on the big multinational co mpanies that these funders exert authority over the healthcare providers, and cause them to violate precepts of medical ethics (Grouse, 2008). Misplaced attention driven by profit making incentive is another issue. Multinational pharmaceutical companies focus their research and development on high profile, profit-making drugs like Viagra instead of developing cures for life threatening diseases in poorer countries.   COMPARISON OF THE UNITED KINGDOM AND THE UNITED STATES HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS The UK as earlier mentioned started a comprehensive free medical coverage for its citizens by 1948. The system is sponsored by tax revenue from its citizens. And as such, healthcare is fully monitored by the government through one body; the NHS which is Englands public health service provider, leading to the provision of free healthcare to its citizens. There are private health institutions for those who will want to pay for services but this is said to be patronized by just about 8% of the total population. Some of the disadvantages of this healthcare system are longer waiting lists as everyone has equal access to healthcare, questionable quality of service as the healthcare providers might sometimes forget that the patient has paid for the service required already through taxes. However, this system has the advantage of free healthcare and nothing beats that. The United State in comparison is largely owned and operated by the private sector. Healthcare insurance is provided largely by the private sector as well except for some health programmes such as the medicare, Medicaid, tricare, the childrens health insurance programme and the veterans health administration which in all are unable to cater for an appreciable percentage of the total population. This kind of healthcare system that is largely dominated by the private sector allows for the profit making incentive to be a common trend. Both systems their strengths and weaknesses Commercialisation of healthcare is something that has been thoroughly scorned on by members of the profession itself. Various medical associations have risen up to fight this threat to the profession. CONCLUSION It is true that a lot of investment goes into the training of a doctor or any healthcare specialist at that and that they need to be well remunerated for their services, however this should not be a primary focus of the service provider because as this essay has shown, the health market differs from all other markets and that the patient doctor relationship is one built solely on trust; trust that the right, best intervention is given to the patient. Perhaps most importantly, professionals must have an ideology that assigns a higher priority to doing useful and needed work than to economic rewards, an ideology that focuses more on the quality and social benefits of work than its profitability. This ideology is one that should be preserved for the sake of the profession. The younger generation of health care providers should also be considered so nobody should go into this profession with the aim of amassing wealth, so that the altruistic nature of the profession, which stands as one of its core values, will be preserved. Healthcare is a right and not a privilege and it goes without saying that every society is morally obliged to provide healthcare to its members. An increase in for-profit health care provision however, will only exacerbate the growing problem of accessibility to healthcare.

Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay -- Chaucer Geoffrey Canterbu

Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales The Knight, Squire, Prioress, The Monk and the Friar are defined by their settings in Geoffrey Chaucer’s "Prologue" to The Canterbury Tales. 1. Portnoy says in his article in the Chaucer Review that "The General Prologue is like a mirror reflecting the individuals appearance which then defines the character of that person."(281) 2. Scanlon backs up Portnoy in his article from Speculum by saying "†¦Characters descriptions somehow emerge inevitably from the original intentions of Chaucer’s text or reflect its lasting value." (128) 3. Russell remarks in his book Chaucer & the Trivium: The Mindsong of the Canterbury Tales: There is something that seems natural and almost unavoidable in the structure of the individual portraits in the General Prologue: How else could you describe the characters without passing judgment on them? (62) KNIGHT The Knight is defined by his settings. 1. Andrew says in The Canterbury Tales: The General Prologue: The Knight is described as having no name, no family seat, no manor house, and no lands. Furthermore, his obsession with foreign service indicates a lack of feudal ties and bears all the marks of a career of a landless knight, without family or possessions in England. (80) 2. Andrew says "The Knight is described as an aged veteran warrior, with whom the stern realities of life have sobered down much of his early romance." (43) 3. The Knight fought in his sovereign’s wars in both Christian and heathen places, which shows he is a holy and honorable man by he followed his king’s commands, and he fought for religious purposes. 4. Roggiers reiterates that statement in his book The Art of the Canterbury Tales by saying "The Knights Tale is Chaucer’s own e... ...er, Geoffrey. ""Prologue" to The Canterbury Tales." England in Literature. Eds. John Pfordrester, et.al. Inglewood Cliffs: Foresman, 1972. Fredell, Joel. "Late Gothic Portraiture: The Prioress and Philippa." Chaucer Review, 23(May 10, 1989):181-191. Hussey, Maurice. An Introduction to Chaucer. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1972. Portnoy, Phyllis. "Beyond the Gothic Cathederal: Post Modern Reflections in the "Canterbury Tales"." Chaucer Review, 28(May 31, 1994):279-292. Roggiers, Paul G. The Art of the Canterbury Tales. Milwaukee: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1965. Russell, J. Stephen. Chaucer & the Trivium: The Mindsong of the Canterbury Tales. Miami: University Press of Florida, 1998. Scanlon, Larry. "A Variorum Edition of the Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, 2: The Canterbury Tales: The General Prologue" Speculum, 72(January 1997):127-129 Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales Essay -- Chaucer Geoffrey Canterbu Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales The Knight, Squire, Prioress, The Monk and the Friar are defined by their settings in Geoffrey Chaucer’s "Prologue" to The Canterbury Tales. 1. Portnoy says in his article in the Chaucer Review that "The General Prologue is like a mirror reflecting the individuals appearance which then defines the character of that person."(281) 2. Scanlon backs up Portnoy in his article from Speculum by saying "†¦Characters descriptions somehow emerge inevitably from the original intentions of Chaucer’s text or reflect its lasting value." (128) 3. Russell remarks in his book Chaucer & the Trivium: The Mindsong of the Canterbury Tales: There is something that seems natural and almost unavoidable in the structure of the individual portraits in the General Prologue: How else could you describe the characters without passing judgment on them? (62) KNIGHT The Knight is defined by his settings. 1. Andrew says in The Canterbury Tales: The General Prologue: The Knight is described as having no name, no family seat, no manor house, and no lands. Furthermore, his obsession with foreign service indicates a lack of feudal ties and bears all the marks of a career of a landless knight, without family or possessions in England. (80) 2. Andrew says "The Knight is described as an aged veteran warrior, with whom the stern realities of life have sobered down much of his early romance." (43) 3. The Knight fought in his sovereign’s wars in both Christian and heathen places, which shows he is a holy and honorable man by he followed his king’s commands, and he fought for religious purposes. 4. Roggiers reiterates that statement in his book The Art of the Canterbury Tales by saying "The Knights Tale is Chaucer’s own e... ...er, Geoffrey. ""Prologue" to The Canterbury Tales." England in Literature. Eds. John Pfordrester, et.al. Inglewood Cliffs: Foresman, 1972. Fredell, Joel. "Late Gothic Portraiture: The Prioress and Philippa." Chaucer Review, 23(May 10, 1989):181-191. Hussey, Maurice. An Introduction to Chaucer. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1972. Portnoy, Phyllis. "Beyond the Gothic Cathederal: Post Modern Reflections in the "Canterbury Tales"." Chaucer Review, 28(May 31, 1994):279-292. Roggiers, Paul G. The Art of the Canterbury Tales. Milwaukee: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1965. Russell, J. Stephen. Chaucer & the Trivium: The Mindsong of the Canterbury Tales. Miami: University Press of Florida, 1998. Scanlon, Larry. "A Variorum Edition of the Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, 2: The Canterbury Tales: The General Prologue" Speculum, 72(January 1997):127-129