What Is Epeirogeny

Epeirogeny (EPP-ir-rod-geny) is strictly vertical movement of a continent rather than horizontal movement that compresses it to form mountains (orogeny) or stretches it to form rifts (taphrogeny). Instead, epeirogenic movements form gentle arches and structural basins, or they lift whole regions evenly. In geology school, they dont say much about epeirogeny—its an afterthought, a catch-all word for processes that arent mountain-building. Listed under it are things like isostatic movements, which result from the weight of glacial ice caps and their removal, the subsidence of passive plate margins like the Atlantic coasts of the Old and New Worlds, and various other puzzling uplifts that are typically ascribed to mantle plumes. Well ignore isostatic movements here because theyre trivial examples of loading and unloading (although they account for some dramatic wave-cut platforms). Phenomena related to passive cooling of hot lithosphere also pose no mystery. That leaves examples where we believe that some force must have actively pulled down or pushed up the continental lithosphere (note that it only refers to the continental lithosphere, as you dont see the term in marine geology). Epeirogenic Movements Epeirogenic movements, in this narrower sense, are considered evidence of activity in the underlying mantle, either mantle plumes or consequences of plate-tectonic processes like subduction. Today that topic is often called dynamic topography, and it could be argued that there is no need for the term epeirogeny anymore. Large-scale uplifts in the United States, including those of the Colorado Plateau and the modern-day Appalachian Mountains, are thought to be related to the subducted Farallon plate, which has been moving eastward relative to the overlying continent for the last 100 million years or so. Smaller features like the Illinois basin or Cincinnati arch are explained as lumps and slumps made during the breakup or formation of ancient supercontinents. How the Word Epeirogeny Was Coined The word epeirogeny was coined by G. K. Gilbert in 1890 (in U.S. Geological Survey Monograph 1, Lake Bonneville) from the scientific Greek: epeiros (mainland) and genesis (birth). However, he was thinking of what held continents above the ocean and held the seafloor below it. That was a puzzle in his day that today we explain as something Gilbert didnt know, namely that the Earth simply has two kinds of crust. Today we accept that simple buoyancy keeps the continents high and the ocean floor low, and no special epeirogenic forces are required. Bonus: Another little-used epeiro word is epeirocratic, referring to a period when global sea levels are low (like today). Its counterpart, describing times when the sea was high and land was scarce, is thalassocratic.

Can There Be a Love Without Sex - 777 Words

Can there be love without sex in a relationship? Can you have a intimate relationship without having sex? And would it be considered emotionally intimate? Can relationship lasts without a sex? Can two people who are in love share a full relationship without sex? Can there be a relationship without sex? YES!! And I think that is the most passionate love†¦ there can be love in a relationship without sex, there’s lots of things couple can do that will bring them closer and is not sexual, although sex is a natural expression of love in a relationship at some point. You need to be completely upfront with the guy you want a relationship with though. If he has a problem with it, then he doesn’t respect what you are trying to do. They are going to†¦show more content†¦In my opinion, I think it s BEST to have a relationship without sex. Because sex drives fade in our later years, so you ll need something in common or you ll never get along! Sex is for marriage. If you are being pressured into sex, then you will regret it for the rest of your life. A relationship can last without sex if it is love for real but in most cases you want to have sex with the person you love just simply because its another form of intimacy. It depends on the persons involved and the situation you re in. If you both can handle it and trust each other then you should be okay. It takes a great deal of courage and trust to withhold sex especially if you re waiting for marriage. A physical relationship is an added bonus when you are in love, the sex is just better. How you know when someone truly loves you vary from person to person. No two people show there love for someone else in the same way. If a person truly loves you then he/she will be there for you emotionally before they are there for you physically. Putting too much focus on the physical aspect of love will ruin any emotional bond that you hope to develop. Absolutely, there can be relationships without a sex. There are many ways to show your partner that you love him, it’s just that sex is one of them. I personally believe that sex belongs in a marriage. The other ways I am talking about are, acts of service, words of affirmation, touching, gifts and quality time. I mean if thereShow MoreRelated`` Sex Without Love `` By Sharon Olds1152 Words   |  5 Pagesex without love The poem, â€Å"sex without love† by Sharon Olds portrays the issues in the society today. Casual sex is on the rise and Olds is puzzled how one can have sex without loving the other partner. She states, â€Å"How do they do it, the ones who make love without sex?† (Line 1). She, however, describes sex with beautiful imagery of dancers, making it appealing but the eventual feeling of loneliness is inevitable. Olds choice of words, imagery, and symbolism throughout her texts is contrasting;Read More`` Sex Without Love `` By Tina Turner845 Words   |  4 Pagesone hit song, â€Å"What’s Love got to do with it,† became her signature song most recognized among her fans. Questioning a relationship’s worth and meaning is an endless universal topic with many diverse opinions and beliefs of what’s morally right or wrong. Similarly, Sharon Olds’ 1985 poem â€Å"Sex without Love† reflects a speaker’s disapproval and disappointme nt articulated with an ironic tone. At first glance, the speaker seems to be baffled on how an action can occur without the presence of the otherRead Morequot;Sex Without Love:quot;by Sharon Olds Essay600 Words   |  3 Pagesshe has been praised for the courage and emotional power of her work which continues to witness pain, love, desire, and grief with persistent courage. Sex Without Love, by Sharon Olds passionately describes the authors disgust for casual sex and her attitude toward loveless sex as a cold and harmful act. She brilliantly uses various poetic techniques to animate the immortality of loveless sex through her words and her great description evoke clear image in the reader mind. One of the characteristicsRead More Sex Without Love by Sharon Olds Essay733 Words   |  3 PagesSex Without Love by Sharon Olds Sex Without Love, by Sharon Olds passionately described the authors disgust for casual sex in which she vividly animates the immorality of lustful sex through the variety of her language. The sarcasm used in this selection can easily be misunderstood and quite confusing if the words and lines are not analyzed with specific construction. Olds clever use of imagery and frequent uses of similes, to make the reader imagine actual events, makes this poem comeRead MoreEssay on The Meaning of Love719 Words   |  3 PagesThe Meaning of Love Love has many different meanings to different people. For a child, love is what he or she feels for his mommy and daddy. To teenage boy, love is what he should feel for his girlfriend of the moment, only because she says she loves him. But as we get older and wiser, love becomes more and more confusing. Along with poets and philosophers, people have been trying to answer that age-old question for centuries: What is love? One definition of love in The Merriam-WebsterRead MoreLove is the greatest human emotion one can experience. In the poem Leaving the Motel by W. D.800 Words   |  4 PagesLove is the greatest human emotion one can experience. In the poem Leaving the Motel by W. D. Snodgrass and Sex Without Love by Sharon Olds each poet shares different views on the theme of love. Snodgrass poem focuses on a couple having an affair in a motel. As they are leaving they go through a checklist to make sure they keep their secrecy. While, Olds poem focuses more about how people have sex without being in love. Both of these poems illustrate a strong sense of love in different waysRead MorePremarital Sex Essay1086 Words   |  5 Pagesbe considered as taboo such as premarital sex. Sexual activity has always been a basic need to human beings. Not only it is for human’s reproduction, sexual life is also a considerate factor to predict the happiness of one’s life. There is an argument that wh ether premarital sex is appropriate among unmarried couples. The supportive side of this argument seems to have some reasonable pros to prove their point of the premarital sex’s advantages. Although sex is not the most important aspect in a relationshipRead MoreSex Without Love by Sharon Old Essay1100 Words   |  5 Pages Sharon Olds’ poem â€Å"Sex Without Love† wonders at the ability for two people to have sex and not involve emotions or pretenses of love. The poem argues that it is better to have sex without love under the premise that love is a false savior for people, and everyone is all alone anyhow. In other words, the claim is that personal interactions do not serve a purpose other than being a distraction, and they will inevitably end. However, the notion that attachment and love are false hopes for people andRead More thematic essay on identity941 Words   |  4 Pagesaspects of identity in the poem â€Å"Sex without Love,† by Sharon Olds. I can relate my own thoughts to how the author views the subject that she talks about in this poem. There has been a situation in my own life where I was thinking to myself, just as the author was, â€Å"How do they do it, the ones who make love without love?† (Olds 740). Having been raised as a well-rounded and disciplined person, as well as religious, I know the discouragement of having premarital sex. It’s not just the immorality thatRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Legal?1680 Words   |  7 PagesSex: the elephant in the room no one likes to talk about. It is a natural act humans have done for years but also a taboo to show or acknowledge. Sex, despite being taboo, is omnipresent. It is present in discussions of God, television, dating, and other areas, all of which have played a role into my understanding of sex and sexuality. However, public education has ultimately been the main factor in maintaining my personal safe sex life. Many parents debate whether sex educ ation should remain in

Frostbite Chapter 21 Free Essays

Twenty-one THIS WAS SO NOT WHAT I needed right now. I could have handled anything else Adrian did: hitting on her, getting her to smoke his ridiculous cigarettes, whatever. But not this. We will write a custom essay sample on Frostbite Chapter 21 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lissa quitting those pills was exactly what I’d wanted to avoid. Reluctantly I pulled out of her head and returned to my own grim situation. I would have liked to see what further developed with Adrian and Lissa, but watching them would do no good. Okay. I really needed a plan now. I needed action. I needed to get us out of here. But, glancing around me, I found myself no closer to escape than I had been earlier, and I spent the next few hours brooding and speculating. We had three guards today. They looked a little bored but not enough to slack off. Nearby, Eddie appeared unconscious, and Mason stared blankly at the floor. Across the room, Christian glared at nothing in particular, and I think Mia was sleeping. Painfully aware of how dry my throat was, I almost laughed in recalling how I’d told her water magic was useless. It might not do much in a fight, but I would have given anything for her to summon up some- Magic. Why hadn’t I thought of this before? We weren’t helpless. Not entirely. A plan slowly coalesced in my mind- a plan that was probably insane but was also the best we had. My heart thudded with anticipation, and I immediately schooled my features to calmness before the guards noticed my sudden insight. On the opposite side of the room, Christian was watching me. He’d seen the brief flare of excitement and realized I’d thought of something. He watched me curiously, as ready for action as I was. God. How could we pull this off? I needed his help, but I had no real way of letting him know what I had in mind. In fact, I wasn’t even sure if he could help me at all- he was pretty weak. I held his gaze, willing him to understand that something was going to happen. There was confusion on his face, but it was paired with determination. After making sure none of the guards were looking directly at me, I shifted slightly, giving a small tug at my wrists. I glanced behind me as much as I could, then met Christian’s eyes again. He frowned, and I repeated the gesture. â€Å"Hey,† I said loudly. Mia and Mason both jerked in surprise. â€Å"Are you guys really going to keep starving us? Can’t we at least have some water or something?† â€Å"Shut up,† said one of the guards. It was a pretty standard answer whenever any of us spoke. â€Å"Come on.† I used my best bitchy voice. â€Å"Not even like a sip of something? My throat’s burning. Practically on fire.† My gaze flicked to Christian as I said those last few words, then returned to the guard who’d spoken. As expected, he rose from his seat and lurched toward me. â€Å"Do not make me repeat myself,† he growled. I didn’t know if he’d really do anything violent, but I had no interest in pushing it just yet. Besides, I’d accomplished my goal. If Christian couldn’t take the hint, there was nothing else to be done for it. Hoping I looked afraid, I shut up. The guard returned to his seat, and after a while, he stopped watching me. I looked at Christian again and gave the wrist tug. Come on, come on, I thought. Put it together, Christian. His eyebrows suddenly shot up, and he stared at me in amazement. Well. He’d apparently figured out something. I just hoped it was what I’d wanted. His look turned questioning, as though asking if I was really serious. I nodded emphatically. He frowned in thought for a few moments and then took a deep, steadying breath. â€Å"All right,† he said. Everyone jumped again. â€Å"Shut up,† said one of the guards automatically. He sounded weary. â€Å"No,† said Christian. â€Å"I’m ready. Ready to drink.† Everyone in the room froze for the space of a few heartbeats, including me. This wasn’t exactly what I’d had in mind. The guards’ leader stood up. â€Å"Do not screw around with us.† â€Å"I’m not,† said Christian. He had a feverish, desperate look on his face that I didn’t think was entirely faked. â€Å"I’m tired of this. I want to get out of here, and I don’t want to die. I’ll drink- and I want her.† He nodded toward me. Mia squeaked in alarm. Mason called Christian something that would have earned him a detention back at school. This definitely wasn’t what I’d had in mind. The other two guards looked to their leader questioningly. â€Å"Should we get Isaiah?† asked one of them. â€Å"I don’t think he’s here,† said the leader. He studied Christian for a few seconds and then made a decision. â€Å"And I don’t want to bother him anyway if this is a joke. Let him go, and we’ll see.† One of the men produced a pair of sharp pliers. He moved behind Christian and leaned down. I heard the sound of plastic popping as the flex-cuffs gave way. Grabbing a hold of Christian’s arm, the guard jerked him upright and led him over to me. â€Å"Christian,† exclaimed Mason, fury filling his voice. He struggled against his constraints, shaking his chair a little. â€Å"Are you out of your mind? Don’t let them do this!† â€Å"You guys have to die, but I don’t,† snapped Christian, tossing his black hair out of his eyes. â€Å"There’s no other way out of this.† I didn’t really know what was going on now, but I was pretty sure I should be showing a lot more emotion if I was about to die. Two guards flanked Christian on either side, watching warily as he leaned toward me. â€Å"Christian,† I whispered, surprised at how easy it was to sound afraid. â€Å"Don’t do this.† His lips twisted into one of the bitter smiles he produced so well. â€Å"You and I have never liked each other, Rose. If I’ve got to kill someone, it might as well be you.† His words were icy, precise. Believable. â€Å"Besides, I thought you wanted this.† â€Å"Not this. Please, don’t- â€Å" One of the guards shoved Christian. â€Å"Get it over with, or get back to your chair.† Still wearing that dark smile, Christian shrugged. â€Å"Sorry, Rose. You’re going to die anyway. Why not do it for a good cause?† He brought his face down to my neck. â€Å"This is probably going to hurt,† he added. I actually doubted it would †¦ if he was really going to do it. Because he wasn’t†¦right? I shifted uneasily. By all accounts, if you got all your blood sucked out of you, you also got enough endorphins pumped in during the process to dull most of the pain. It was like going to sleep. Of course, that was all speculation. People who died from vampire bites didn’t really come back to report on the experience. Christian nuzzled my neck, moving his face under my hair so that it partially obscured him. His lips brushed my skin, every bit as soft as I recalled from when he and Lissa kissed. A moment later, the points of his fangs touched my skin. And then I felt pain. Real pain. But it wasn’t coming from the bite. His teeth only pressed against my skin; they didn’t break it. His tongue moved against my neck in a lapping motion, but there was no blood to suck. If anything, it was more like some kind of weird, twisted kiss. No, the pain came from my wrists. A burning pain. Christian was using his magic to channel heat into my flex-cuffs, just as I had wanted him to. He’d understood my message. The plastic grew hotter and hotter as he continued his barely there drinking. Anyone who’d been looking closely would have been able to tell he was half-faking it, but too much of my hair was blocking the guards’ view. I knew plastic was hard to melt, but only now did I really, really understand what that meant. The temperatures required to do any damage were off the charts. It was like plunging my hands into lava. The flex-cuffs seared my skin, hot and terrible. I squirmed, hoping I could relieve the pain. I couldn’t. What I did notice, however, was that the cuffs gave a little when I moved. They were getting softer. Okay. That was something. I just had to hold out a little longer. Desperately, I tried to focus on Christian’s bite and distract myself. It worked for about five seconds. He wasn’t giving me much in the way of endorphins, certainly not enough to combat that increasingly horrible pain. I whimpered, probably making myself more convincing. â€Å"I can’t believe it,† muttered one of the guards. â€Å"He’s actually doing it.† Beyond them, I thought I heard the sound of Mia crying. The cuffs’ burning increased. I’d never felt anything so painful in my life, and I’d been through a lot. Passing out was rapidly becoming a very real possibility. â€Å"Hey,† the guard suddenly said. â€Å"What’s that smell?† That smell was melting plastic. Or maybe my melting flesh. Honestly, it didn’t matter because the next time I moved my wrists, they broke through the gooey, scalding cuffs. I had ten seconds of surprise, and I used them. I leapt out of my chair, pushing Christian backward in the process. He’d had a guard on either side of him, and one still held the pliers. In a single motion, I grabbed the pliers from the guy and plunged them into his cheek. He gave some kind of gurgled scream, but I didn’t wait to see what happened. My window of surprise was closing, and I couldn’t waste time. As soon as I let go of the pliers, I punched the second guy. My kicks were stronger than my punches as a general rule, but I still hit him hard enough to startle him and make him stagger. By then, the guards’ leader was in action. As I’d feared, he still had a gun, and he went for it. â€Å"Don’t move!† he yelled, aiming at me. I froze. The guard I’d punched came forward and grabbed my arm. Nearby, the guy I’d stabbed was moaning on the floor. Still training the gun on me, the leader started to say something and then yelped in alarm. The gun glowed faintly orange and fell from his hands. Where he’d held it, the skin burned red and angry. Christian had heated the metal, I realized. Yeah. We definitely should have been using this magic thing from the start. If we got out of this, I was going to take up Tasha’s cause. The Moroi anti-magic custom was so instilled in our brains that we hadn’t even thought to try this sooner. It was stupid. I turned on the guy holding me. I don’t think he expected a girl my size to put up so much of a fight, plus he was still kind of stunned over what had happened to the other guy and the gun. I managed enough room to get in a kick to his stomach, a kick that would have earned me an A in my combat class. He grunted at the impact, and the motion propelled him back into the wall. In a flash, I was on him. Grabbing a fistful of his hair, I slammed his head against the ground hard enough to knock him out but not kill him. Immediately, I sprang up, surprised the leader hadn’t come after me yet. It shouldn’t have taken him that long to recover from the shock of the heated gun. But when I turned around, the room was quiet. The leader lay unconscious on the ground- with a newly freed Mason hovering over him. Nearby, Christian held the pliers in one hand and the gun in the other. It had to still be hot, but Christian’s power must have made him immune. He was aiming at that man I’d stabbed. The guy wasn’t unconscious, merely bleeding, but, like I had, he froze beneath that barrel. â€Å"Holy shit,† I muttered, taking in the scene. Staggering over to Christian, I held out my hand. â€Å"Give me that before you hurt somebody.† I expected a biting remark, but he simply handed the gun over with shaking hands. I shoved it into my belt. Studying him further, I saw how pale he was. He looked like he could collapse at any moment. He’d done some pretty major magic for someone who’d been starved for two days. â€Å"Mase, get the cuffs,† I said. Without turning his back on the rest of us, Mason took a few steps back toward the box where our captors had kept their stash of flex-cuffs. He pulled out three strips of plastic and then something else. With a questioning glance at me, he held up a roll of duct tape. â€Å"Perfect,† I said. We bound our captors to the chairs. One had remained conscious, but we knocked him out too and then put duct tape over all their mouths. They’d eventually come to, and I didn’t want them making any noise. After releasing Mia and Eddie, the five of us huddled together and planned our next move. Christian and Eddie could barely stand, but at least Christian was aware of his surroundings. Mia’s face was streaked with tears, but I suspected she’d be able to take orders. That left Mason and me as the most functional in the group. â€Å"That guy’s watch says it’s morning,† he said. â€Å"All we’ve got to do is get outside, and they can’t touch us. As long as there are no more humans, at least.† â€Å"They said Isaiah was gone,† said Mia in a small voice. â€Å"We should just be able to leave, right?† â€Å"Those men haven’t left in hours,† I said. â€Å"They could be wrong. We can’t do anything stupid.† Carefully, Mason opened the door to our room and peered out into the empty hallway. â€Å"Think there’s a way outside down here?† â€Å"That’d make our lives easier,† I muttered. I glanced back at the others. â€Å"Stay here. We’re going to check out the rest of the basement.† â€Å"What if somebody comes?† exclaimed Mia. â€Å"They won’t,† I assured her. I was actually pretty sure there was no one else in the basement; they would have come running with all that racket. And if anyone tried to come down the stairs, we would hear them first. Still, Mason and I moved cautiously as we scouted around the basement, watching each other’s backs and checking around corners. It was every bit the rat’s maze I remembered from our initial capture. Twisted hallways and lots of rooms. One by one, we opened each door. Every room was empty, save for the occasional chair or two. I shuddered, thinking that all of these were probably used as prisons, just as ours had been. â€Å"Not a goddamned window in this whole place,† I muttered when we’d finished our sweep. â€Å"We’ve got to go upstairs.† We headed back toward our room, but before we got there, Mason caught hold of my hand. â€Å"Rose †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I stopped and looked up at him. â€Å"Yeah?† His blues eyes- more serious than I’d ever seen them- looked down at me regretfully. â€Å"I really screwed things up.† I thought about all the events that had led to this. â€Å"We screwed things up, Mason.† He sighed. â€Å"I hope †¦ I hope when this is all done, we can sit down and talk and figure things out. I shouldn’t have gotten mad at you.† I wanted to tell him that that wasn’t going to happen, that when he’d disappeared, I’d actually been on my way to tell him things wouldn’t be better between us. Since this didn’t seem like the right time or place to bring up a breakup, I lied. I squeezed his hand. â€Å"I hope so too.† He smiled, and we returned to the others. â€Å"All right,† I told them. â€Å"Here’s how it’s going to be.† We quickly hashed out a plan and then crept up the stairs. I led, followed by Mia as she tried to support a reluctant Christian. Mason brought up the rear, practically dragging Eddie. â€Å"I should be first,† Mason murmured as we stood at the top of the stairs. â€Å"You aren’t,† I snapped back, resting my hand on the doorknob. â€Å"Yeah, but if something happens- â€Å" â€Å"Mason,† I interrupted. I stared at him hard, and suddenly, I had a brief flash of my mother that day when the Drozdov attack had broken. Calm and controlled, even in the wake of something so horrible. They’d needed a leader, just like this group did now, and I tried as hard as I could to channel her. â€Å"If something happens, you get them out of here. Run fast and run far. Do not come back without a herd of guardians.† â€Å"You’ll be the one who gets attacked first! What am I supposed to do?† he hissed. â€Å"Leave you?† â€Å"Yes. You forget about me if you can get them out.† â€Å"Rose, I’m not going to- â€Å" â€Å"Mason.† I again envisioned my mother, fighting for that strength and power to lead others. â€Å"Can you do this or not?† We stared at each other for several heavy moments while the others held their breaths. â€Å"I can do this,† he said stiffly. I nodded and turned back around. The basement door squeaked when I opened it, and I grimaced at the sound. Scarcely daring to breathe, I stood perfectly still at the top of the stairs, waiting and listening. The house and its eccentric decorating looked the same as when we’d been brought in. Dark blinds covered all of the windows, but along the edges, I could see bright light peeping in. Sunshine had never tasted so sweet as it did at that moment. Getting to it meant freedom. There were no sounds, no movements. Looking around, I tried to remember where the front door was. It was on the other side of the house- really not far in the grand scheme of things but a gaping chasm at the moment. â€Å"Scout with me,† I whispered to Mason, hoping to make him feel better about bringing up the rear. He let Eddie lean on Mia for a moment and stepped forward with me to do a quick sweep of the main living area. Nothing. The path was clear from here to the front door. I exhaled in relief. Mason took hold of Eddie again, and we moved forward, all of us tense and nervous. God. We were going to do this, I realized. We were really going to do this. I couldn’t believe how lucky we’d gotten. We’d been so close to disaster- and had just barely made it through. It was one of those moments that made you appreciate your life and want to turn things around. A second chance you swear you won’t let go to waste. A realization that- I heard them move almost at the same time I saw them step in front of us. It was like a magician conjured Isaiah and Elena out of thin air. Only, I knew there was no magic involved this time. Strigoi just moved that quickly. They must have been in one of the other main floor rooms that we’d assumed were empty- we hadn’t wanted to waste the extra time looking. I raged at myself internally for not having checked out every inch of the whole floor. Somewhere, in the back of my memory, I heard myself taunting my mother in Stan’s class: â€Å"It seems to me like you guys messed up. Why didn’t you scope out the place and make sure it was clear of Strigoi in the first place? Seems like you could have saved yourself a lot of trouble.† Karma’s a real bitch. â€Å"Children, children,† crooned Isaiah. â€Å"This isn’t how the game works. You’re breaking the rules.† A cruel smile played over his lips. He found us amusing, no real threat at all. Honestly? He was right. â€Å"Fast and far, Mason,† I said in low voice, never taking my eyes off the Strigoi. â€Å"My, my †¦ if looks could kill †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Isaiah arched his eyebrows as something occurred to him. â€Å"Are you thinking you can take us both on by yourself?† He chuckled. Elena chuckled. I gritted my teeth. No, I didn’t think I could take them both on. In fact, I was pretty sure I was going to die. But I was also pretty sure I could provide one hell of a distraction first. I lunged toward Isaiah but pulled the gun on Elena. You could get a jump on human guards- but not on Strigoi. They saw me coming practically before I even moved. They didn’t expect me to have a gun, though. And while Isaiah blocked my attacking body with almost no effort whatsoever, I still managed to get a shot off at Elena before he seized my arms and restrained me. The gun’s report rang loud in my ears, and she screamed in pain and surprise. I’d aimed for her stomach but had been jostled into hitting her thigh. Not that it mattered. Neither spot would kill her, but the stomach would have hurt a lot more. Isaiah held my wrists so hard, I thought he’d break the bones. I dropped the gun. It hit the floor, bounced, and slid toward the door. Elena shrieked in rage and clawed at me. Isaiah told her to control herself and pushed me out of reach. All the while, I flailed as much as possible, not so much to escape as to make a nuisance of myself. And then: the sweetest of sounds. The front door opening. Mason had taken advantage of my distraction. He’d left Eddie with Mia and sprinted around me and the grappling Strigoi to open the door. Isaiah turned with that lightning-fast speed of his- and screamed as sunlight poured over him. But even though he was suffering, his reflexes were still fast. He jerked himself out of the patch of light into the living room, dragging Elena and me with him- her by the arm and me by my neck. â€Å"Get them out!† I yelled. â€Å"Isaiah- † began Elena, breaking out of his grip. He shoved me to the floor and spun around, staring at his escaping victims. I gasped for breath now that his grip on my throat was gone and peered back at the door through the tangle of my hair. I was just in time to see Mason drag Eddie over the threshold, out into the safety of the light. Mia and Christian were already gone. I nearly wept in relief. Isaiah turned back on me with all the fury of a storm, his eyes black and terrible as he loomed over me from his great height. His face, which had always been scary, became something almost beyond comprehension. â€Å"Monstrous† didn’t even begin to cover it. He jerked me up by my hair. I cried out at the pain, and he brought his head down so that our faces were pressed up to one another’s. â€Å"You want a bite, girl?† he demanded. â€Å"You want to be a blood whore? Well, we can arrange that. In every sense of the word. And it will not be sweet. And it will not be numbing. It will be painful- compulsion works both ways, you know, and I will make sure you believe you are suffering the worst pain of your life. And I will also make sure your death takes a very, very long time. You will scream. You will cry. You will beg me to end it all and let you die- â€Å" â€Å"Isaiah,† cried Elena in exasperation. â€Å"Just kill her already. If you’d done it sooner like I said, none of this would have happened.† He kept his grip on me but flicked his eyes toward her. â€Å"Do not interrupt me.† â€Å"You’re being melodramatic,† she continued. Yeah, she really was whiny. I never would have thought a Strigoi could do that. It was almost comical. â€Å"And wasteful.† â€Å"Do not talk back to me, either,† he said. â€Å"I’m hungry. I’m just saying you should- â€Å" â€Å"Let her go, or I’ll kill you.† We all turned at the new voice, a voice dark and angry. Mason stood in the doorway, framed in light, holding my dropped gun. Isaiah studied him for a few moments. â€Å"Sure,† Isaiah finally said. He sounded bored. â€Å"Try it.† Mason didn’t hesitate. He fired and kept firing until he’d emptied the entire clip into Isaiah’s chest. Each bullet made the Strigoi flinch a little, but otherwise, he kept standing and holding on to me. This was what it meant to be an old and powerful Strigoi, I realized. A bullet in the thigh hurt a young vampire like Elena. But for Isaiah? Getting shot in the chest multiple times was simply a nuisance. Mason realized this too, and his features hardened as he threw down the gun. â€Å"Get out!† I screamed. He was still in the sun, still safe. But he didn’t listen to me. He ran toward us, out of his protective light. I redoubled my struggles, hoping I’d pull Isaiah’s attention away from Mason. I didn’t. Isaiah shoved me into Elena before Mason was halfway to us. Swiftly, Isaiah blocked and seized hold of Mason, exactly as he’d done to me earlier. Only, unlike with me, Isaiah didn’t restrain Mason’s arms. He didn’t jerk Mason upright by the hair or make long, rambling threats about an agonizing death. Isaiah simply stopped the attack, grabbed Mason’s head with both hands, and gave a quick twist. There was a sickening crack. Mason’s eyes went wide. Then they went blank. With an impatient sigh, Isaiah released his hold and tossed Mason’s limp body over toward where Elena held me. It landed before us. My vision swam as nausea and dizziness wrapped around me. â€Å"There,† Isaiah said to Elena. â€Å"See if that’ll tide you over. And save some for me.† How to cite Frostbite Chapter 21, Essay examples

Foundation of Nursing Kidney Diseases

Question: Discuss about theFoundation of Nursingfor Kidney Diseases. Answer: Introduction In the current times, there have emerged various communicable and non-communicable diseases. Most of the non-communicable diseases such as cancer, kidney diseases, and diabetes among others are associated largely with the lifestyle of the affected individuals. In this era of modernization and globalization, people engage in less vigorous activities or exercise a factor that leads to weight gain and obesity in the majority of the people. The healthy weight of an individual can be classified depending on their body mass index (BMI). The normal ranges of BMI are between 17.5 and 24.9 kg/m2 (Rippe Angelopoulos, 2012). Body mass indexes above these ranges indicate that a person is either overweight or obese. According to Haslam and Wittert (2014), obesity has increased significantly by more than 100% since 1980 globally. It is stipulated that by 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight worldwide. Among these, more than a third of them were obese. Obesity is associated with a nu mber of diseases that majorly include cardiovascular disorders and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, obesity may lead to loss of self-esteem, self-confidence and general productivity of an individual due to reduced mobility and inactivity (Rippe Angelopoulos, 2012). However, management through lifestyle modification can aide in the prevention of obesity and other related diseases. Lifestyle change can be achieved through health education provision to the affected individuals by health care providers. Notably, the effectiveness of the training offered depends on the clients developmental stage (Murtagh, 2013). Therefore this writing focuses on how various developmental and learning theories can be utilized by health care providers to effectively manage lifestyle conditions such as obesity while considering the developmental stage of an individual, through assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation of a teaching plan. Assessment According to Piagets cognitive developmental theory, Grace who has an age of 44 years is at the sixth stage, formal operational stage. In this stage she has abstract reasoning, a factor that has helped in her associating obesity with detrimental effects on her health (LeCroy Anthony, 2015). Additionally, in this cognitive developmental stage, she can consider the possible outcomes of actions on her health, and therefore it contributes to the shaping of her health seeking behaviors. Health seeking behaviors have a significant impact on the health of an individual as it determines the time of seeking health services, duration and adherence to prescribed therapies. Moreover, at this stage, one can analyze a health risk or problem and solve it in a logical and systematic manner. Therefore, this helps a nurse to work collaboratively with the client in solving the primary problem and thus contributing to improved health. However, it is the responsibility of the nurse to assess the cogniti ve developmental stage of an individual not only based on age but also on other factors as some people never reach formal operational stage regardless of their advanced age (Romano, 2015). As mentioned, it is imperative for the nurse to assess the client based on their developmental stage to identify the specific needs. According to Erik Eriksons psychosocial theory, Grace is at the stage of generativity versus stagnation in which people aged between 40 and 64 years exhibit the same needs that are supposed to be achieved for a person to successfully move to the next stage without stagnation (Newman Newman, 2016). Stagnation is an indication of poor health that may affect emotional, social, mental and physical aspects of an individual. A sense of productivity, achievement, and satisfaction can only ensue in Graces case if she can successfully contribute positively to self, family, and community, a phenomenon that makes her life count. Thus the primary focus her health is in her family, work, relationships with others and society. Some conditions can prevent a person from meeting the central tasks of this middle adulthood. Obesity can deter Grace from moving through thi s stage successfully as it limits ones movement from one place to another, reduces productivity and affects the social relationships due to reduced self-esteem (Zhang, Juan, Middlestadt, Susan Cheng-Ye, 2011). Firstly, obesity as the primary concern of Grace may not enable her to express love to her school age children through guiding them to perform certain activities such as household chores and sports among others. Consequently, the children may not develop to be responsible adults as required from their developmental level that requires them to learn various skills and gain academic and social competencies like their peers (Sa?enz, 2015). Secondly, she is supposed to maintain health patterns to successfully move though her current stage of which she may stagnate if she develops chronic diseases whose etiology is obesity such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Thirdly, she may not develop a sense of unity with family, friends and other relatives as it may experience reduced mo bility and therefore preventing her from attending social functions and interacting with others. In the same way, she may not effectively perform required activities to make a comfortable home and in her working environment, factors that can lead to lack of pride in self-accomplishments. She may also not use her leisure time in a creative manner due to the physical and emotional health limitations that are attributed to obesity and reduced self-esteem. Lastly, at this stage, she is expected to reverse roles with aging parents if any, but in Graces case it may be difficult to achieve this as she is equally faced with challenges that may deter her from achieving the roles she is supposed to perform. Thus she cannot establish balance between various life aspects as required in the genital stage of Sigmund Freuds psychosexual development (Weber Kelley, 2014). Notably, she has enough motivation for wellness as well as having enough time to practice lifestyle changes since she is working on part time basis. In the same way, she has access to a park that can be used for recreational activities including those that can assist in the adoption of healthy lifestyle such as exercises. Nursing Diagnosis Graces health needs require preventive measures because they are primarily, risk for diagnoses.' Based on the assessment data, she has some learning needs. Firstly, she has a risk for overweight related to unhealthy lifestyle practices. Secondly, she has a risk for chronic low self-esteem related to being overweight as evidenced by her verbalization on losing self-esteem and concern about weight. Thirdly, she has a risk for Disturbed body image related to obesity as evidenced by concern about weight gain. Fourthly, she has a risk for ineffective role performance and social interactions related to reduced mobility and lack of attending social functions due to excessive weight gain and low self-esteem. Fifthly, she has a risk for impaired parenting related to activity intolerance as evidenced by progressive weight gain. Lastly and most importantly she has a nursing diagnosis of readiness for enhanced self-health management. Plan By the end of the health education, the client will be able to demonstrate her understanding of the various ways in which she can enhance and sustain her self-esteem by providing a brief summary of the learning session. Secondly, the client should demonstrate progress and improved health over a period of one month by losing weight of at least one kilogram through modification of lifestyle. Implementation As stipulated by Ausubel and Blooms learning theories, learning should start from the known to the unknown and from simple to complex. He noted that new information fits into existing knowledge like key fits into a lock (Aliakbari, Parvin, Heidari Haghani, 2015). Therefore, during the implementation of client teaching and learning, the plan should be considerate of the existing knowledge of the client on the subject matter. Another significant approach that can be used is according to Skinners theory which suggests that learning can be shaped in the desired direction if the behavior is rewarded positively, continuously and immediately. This can be done through motivation, encouragement, praise and being supportive emotionally and psychologically by sharing success stories. A conducive environment that encourages active participation, that accepts the difference in desire, allows people to make mistakes and learn from them should be provided. The client should feel respected and acce pted to facilitate self-discovery and evaluation as well as cooperation. The most appropriate instruction methods to be utilized are verbal explanations which are equivalent to lecture as well as demonstrations (Friedman, Cosby, Boyko, Hatton-Bauer Turnbull, 2011). These are economical and easy to use methods that can be utilized at any given time. Since the interventions entail lifestyle changes that include exercise and nutritional modifications, they can effectively serve the purpose. The client can understand the subject matter better by explanation and observation during demonstration hence allowing the provision of a wide range of knowledge in a limited time. Moreover, it can be used to pace the learners way of learning and make adjustments as necessary. However, before the teaching session, a lesson plan should be prepared collaboratively to set the goals, identify available interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), teaching and learning aids and ways to eval uate the learning (Friedman, Cosby, Boyko, Hatton-Bauer Turnbull, 2011). Evaluation Learning outcomes of the learner/client can be determined through evaluation in some ways. According to Friedman et al. (2011), the effectiveness of teaching process can be noted through questioning during and after the learning session. Similarly, return demonstration can be used instantly to evaluate understanding of the client on the subject matter. The learner can also be asked to provide a summary of the whole learning session by providing the key points learned. This way the nurse can help the learner to understand herself, assist in the retention and transfer of knowledge, provide motivation and judge the learners achievements. Furthermore, the effectiveness of teaching can be determined and provide feedback. In conclusion, learning can be achieved through health education provided based on the developmental and age of an individual. Developmental theories as well as learning theories can be used to adequately assess, diagnose, plan for, implement, and evaluate a teaching and learning education. Teaching approaches methods can also be selected while considering the needs of the client and their level of cognitive, psychosexual and psychosocial development. Therefore, it is imperative that all nurses have knowledge of these essential theorise in an effort to uphold evidence-based practice (EBP). References Aliakbari, F., Parvin, N., Heidari, M., Haghani, F. (January 01, 2015). Learning theories application in nursing education.Journal of Education and Health Promotion,4, 2-27. Friedman, A. J., Cosby, R., Boyko, S., Hatton-Bauer, J., Turnbull, G. (January 01, 2011). Effective Teaching Strategies and Methods of Delivery for Patient Education: A Systematic Review and Practice Guideline Recommendations.Journal of Cancer Education,26,1, 12-21. Haslam, D., Wittert, G. (2014).Fast facts: Obesity. Oxford, England: Health Press LeCroy, C. W., Anthony, E. K. (2015).Case studies in a child, adolescent, and family treatment. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons Murtagh, J. (2013).Murtagh's patient education. North Ryde, New South Wales: McGraw-Hill Newman, B. M., Newman, P. R. (2016).Theories of human development. New York, Psychology Press, Taylor Francis Group Rippe, J. M., Angelopoulos, T. J. (2012).Obesity: Prevention and treatment. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Romano, J. L. (2015).Prevention Psychology: Enhancing Personal and Social Well-Being. Washington, D.C: American Psychological Association. Sa?enz, H. M. (2015).Psychopathology in women: Incorporating gender perspective into descriptive psychopathology. Cham : Springer Weber, J., Kelley, J. (2014).Health assessment in nursing. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins Zhang, Juan, Middlestadt, Susan E, Ji, Cheng-Ye. (2011).Psychosocial factors underlying physical activity. (BioMed Central Ltd.) BioMed Central Ltd.